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1 causa
càusa f 1) причина causa ed effetto -- причина и следствие per causa mia (tua) -- из-за меня (тебя); по моей (твоей) вине a causa di... -- вследствие, по причине, из-за (+ G); благодаря (+ D) per causa di -- по вине, из-за (+ G) 2) повод, основание dare causa -- подать повод, дать основание 3) дело, интересы la causa della pace -- дело мира causa del popolo -- благо народа abbracciareuna causa -- защищать какое-л дело <чьи-л интересы> tradire una causa -- изменить какому-л делу, предать чьи-л интересы avere causa comune con qd -- иметь общие интересы с кем-л fare causa comune -- делать общее дело; действовать заодно <сообща> sposare la causa comune -- бороться за общее дело 4) dir (судебное) дело, процесс causa penale -- уголовное дело causa civile -- гражданское дело avere causa, essere in causa con qd -- судиться (с + S) essere (parte) in causa -- быть заинтересованной стороной fare -
2 DARE
v- D30 —darle (тж. darne; darla a qd; darne tante)
- D31 —- D32 —darla con...
- D33 —dare di...
- D34 —darsi di...
- D35 —- D36 —— см. -A29— см. -A48darsi dell'accetta nelle gambe (тж. darsi l'accetta sui piedi)
— см. - P1642— см. -A147— см. -A148— см. -A275dare (или darsi, darla) addosso a...
— см. -A287— см. -A300dare adito a qd di (+ inf.)
— см. -A301— см. -A308— см. -A375— см. -A399dare le ali (тж. dare ala)
— см. -A417— см. - A417a— см. -A443— см. - M574— см. -A694— см. -A785— см. -A786— см. -A787— см. -A788— см. -A817— см. -A789— см. -A988 b) c)dare (l')aria a...
— см. -A1040dare l'aria a...
— см. -A1066darsi l'aria di...
— см. -A1067darsi aria (или arie; тж. darsi delle arie; darsi aria d'importanza)
— см. -A1068— см. -A1101— см. -A1102— см. -A1146— см. -A1184— см. -A1249— см. -A1308— см. -A1309— см. -A1319— см. -A1338— см. -A1383— см. -A1393— см. - B25— см. - B80— см. - B81— см. - B144— см. - B185— см. - B206— см. - B297— см. - O9— см. - P2556— см. - U61dare di becco a...
— см. - B393— см. - B394— см. - B409— см. - F189— см. - T207— см. - V722— см. - B542— см. - B555— см. - B557— см. - B570— см. - B597— см. - B603— см. - B638— см. - B677— см. - B697— см. - B1053— см. - B1114— см. - B1125— см. - B1162— см. - B1163— см. - B1168— см. - B1164— см. - R257— см. - I85— см. - B1223— см. - B1238— см. - B1297— см. - B1299— см. - B1363— см. - B1380— см. - B1446— см. - F1122— см. - G482— см. - M575— см. - O261— см. - P8— см. - P514— см. - P515— см. - P726— см. - P2314— см. - T207— см. - U244— см. - V296— см. - V844— см. - B1480— см. - B1483dare la caccia a...
— см. - C16— см. - C20— см. - C76— см. - C81— см. - C94— см. - C123— см. -A1041— см. - C124— см. - C125— см. - C126— см. - C126— см. - C160— см. - C204non dare i calzoni alla moglie
— см. - C241— см. - C248— см. - R59— см. - C449— см. - C450— см. - C451— см. - C452— см. - C584— см. - C598dare una capata in... (или a...)
— см. - C619dare una capatina in... (или a...)
— см. - C621— см. - C639— см. - C747— см. - C739dare (il или di, del) capo in...
— см. - C748— см. - C749— см. - C750— см. - C751— см. - C870dare la carica con la chiavetta
— см. - C917dare il carico (или in carico)
— см. - C921— см. - C921a— см. - C957— см. - C1034— см. - C1071— см. - C1275— см. - C1280— см. - C1285— см. - C1297— см. - V844— см. - C1306— см. - C1307— см. - C1360— см. - C1406— см. - C1453— см. - C1464— см. - C1488— см. - F53— см. - C1586— см. - C1587dare il cervello a rimpedulare
— см. - C1588— см. - C1684— см. - C1701— см. - C1781— см. - C1783dare cibo a...
— см. - C1797— см. - C1934— см. - C2086— см. - C2109— см. - C2105— см. - C2186— см. - C2187— см. - C2200— см. - C2253— см. - C2254— см. - C2224— см. - C2255— см. - C2256— см. - C2237— см. - C2241— см. - C2311— см. - C2411— см. - C2486— см. - C2498— см. - C2529dare conto buono [cattivo] di sé
— см. - C2530— см. - C2581— см. - C2587— см. - C2606— см. - C2615dare corda a...
— см. - C2645— см. - C2646— см. - C2695— см. - C2696— см. - C2738— см. - C2746— см. - C2732— см. - C2747dare la corsa a...
— см. - C2799dare una corsa a...
— см. - C2800dare corso a...
— см. - C2812dare un corso a...
— см. - C2813— см. - C2892— см. - C2985— см. - C3008— см. - C3009— см. - C3018— см. - C3019dar credito a...
— см. - C3025— см. - C3033dare la croce addosso a... (или contro.., dietro.., sopra...)
— см. - C3085— см. - C3107— см. - C3108— см. - B729— см. - C3245— см. - C3245a— см. - C3246dare il cuore in deposito a qd
— см. - C3247— см. -A1319— см. - D165— см. - D166— см. - D167— см. - D169— см. - D168darci (или dare, darla) dentro
— см. - D218— см. - D219dare la derrata e il soprassello
— см. - D239— см. - D260— см. - D331— см. - D391— см. - D446— см. - D260— см. - D551— см. - D582— см. - D583— см. - D590— см. - D615darsi del (или un, il) dito nell'occhio
— см. - D672— см. - D730— см. - D731— см. - D740— см. - D750— см. - D846— см. - D856— см. - D857— см. - D882— см. - C128— см. - B697dare eccezione a...
— см. - E11— см. - E28— см. - E29dare l'erba (cassia или quassia)
— см. - E98— см. - E89— см. - E148— см. - E166dare (l')esca a...
— см. - E177— см. - E178— см. - E194— см. - E204— см. - E218— см. - R254— см. - F80— см. - F98— см. - F109— см. - F114dare nel fango come nella mota
— см. - F151— см. - F189— см. - F189a— см. - F226— см. - F234— см. - F308— см. - F329— см. - F364dare un fermo a...
— см. - F415dare il fermo a...
— см. - F416— см. - F420— см. - F478— см. - F541— см. - F546— см. - F583— см. - F584— см. - F585— см. - F567— см. - F586— см. - F626— см. - F661— см. - F713— см. - F772— см. - F773— см. - F850— см. - F857— см. - F861— см. - F935— см. - F1010dare fondo a...
— см. - F1011— см. - F1122— см. - F1229— см. - F1259— см. - F1263— см. - F1287dare di frego a...
— см. - F1289— см. - F1318dare di fronte in...
— см. - F1358— см. - F1399— см. - F1400— см. - F1387— см. - F1443— см. - F1468— см. - F1508— см. - F1509— см. - F1510— см. - F1511— см. - F1512— см. - F1513— см. - F1514— см. - F1516— см. - F1561— см. - F1555— см. - F1582— см. - I85— см. - G148— см. - G146— см. - G147— см. - G192— см. - G197— см. - G200— см. - G208— см. - G218— см. - G264— см. - G330— см. - G347— см. - G372— см. - G373— см. - G437— см. - G648— см. - G659— см. - G679— см. -A58— см. - G1211a— см. - P1376— см. - R495— см. - G1049— см. - G1166— см. - I19— см. - I35— см. - I50— см. - I144— см. - I157— см. - I158— см. - I159— см. - I169— см. - I172— см. - I182— см. - I208— см. - I222— см. - I284— см. - I323— см. - I327— см. - I332non darsela per intesa (тж. non darsene per inteso)
— см. - I347— см. - I355— см. - I387— см. - L1— см. - L47— см. - L74— см. - L251dare legnate da ciechi (или orbi, olio santo)
— см. - L344— см. - L360dare leva su...
— см. - L507— см. - L523dare libero corso a...
— см. - C2814— см. - L580— см. - L669a— см. - L816— см. - L817— см. - L820— см. - L947dar luogo a...
— см. - L979— см. - L980— см. - N100— см. - M14— см. - O601— см. - M150— см. - M162— см. - G482— см. - M332— см. - M333— см. - M189— см. - M1227— см. - P727— см. - M353— см. - M359— см. - C452dare (della) mano (тж. dare delle mani) a (или in, su, addosso a) qc
— см. - M576— см. - M577— см. - M578— см. - M579— см. - M580— см. - B697— см. - M581— см. - M582— см. - M583— см. - M584— см. - G624darsi del martello nelle unghie
— см. - M869— см. - M968— см. - M982— см. - M1060— см. - M1135— см. - M1136— см. - M1341— см. - M1342dargli nel mezzo a...
— см. - M1343— см. - M1532— см. - M1579— см. - M1658— см. - M1700— см. - M1778— см. - M1840— см. - M1843— см. - M1928— см. - M1929— см. - M1961— см. - M1962— см. - M1963— см. - M1994— см. - M2039— см. - M2070— см. - M2071— см. - M2089— см. - M2110dar un motto di...
— см. - M2119— см. - M2140— см. - M2206— см. - M2251dare nel naso in...
— см. - N43— см. - N45— см. - N46— см. - N47— см. - N87— см. - B704— см. - N231— см. - N242— см. - N514— см. - O717— см. - N585— см. - N586— см. - O25— см. - O143dare i suoi occhi per...
— см. - O144— см. - O145dare nell'occhio (или all'occhio, negli occhi)
— см. - O146— см. - O147— см. - O269— см. - O289— см. - O335— см. - O376— см. - C85dare orecchi (или orecchio) a qc
— см. - O547— см. - O611— см. - O612— см. - O660— см. - O661— см. - O674— см. - O675— см. - O725— см. - G581— см. - C896— см. - P2— см. - P10— см. - P70— см. - P147dare palla bianca [nera]
— см. - P140— см. - P174— см. - P255— см. - P256— см. - P516— см. - P517— см. - P518— см. - P627— см. - P669— см. - P673— см. - P688— см. - P718— см. - P733— см. - P787— см. - P788— см. - P789— см. - P790— см. - P854— см. - P855— см. - C452— см. - P856dar la patente di..
— см. - P869— см. - P926— см. - P983— см. - P1136darsi pena a...
— см. - P1137darsi pena di...
— см. - P1138— см. - P1171— см. - P1198— см. - P1210— см. - P1211— см. - P1269dar le pere in guardia all'orso
— см. - P1270— см. - P2064— см. - P1312— см. - P1334— см. - P1376— см. - P1425— см. - P1474— см. - P1538— см. - P1644— см. - P1805— см. - P1833— см. - P1864— см. - M430— см. - P2021— см. - P2097— см. - P2155— см. - P2234— см. - P2250— см. - M585— см. - P1032dare il proprio giudizio ai cani
— см. - G733— см. - P2397— см. - P2400— см. - P2519— см. - P2520— см. - P2521— см. - P2522— см. - Q8— см. - Q40— см. - Q61— см. - Q62— см. - M1416— см. - V34— см. - R60— см. - R91— см. - R201— см. - R217— см. - R228— см. - R247— см. - R269— см. - R281— см. - R291— см. - R292— см. - R294— см. - R373— см. - R400— см. - R415— см. - R451— см. - R460— см. - R492— см. - R571— см. - R589— см. - R620— см. - S26— см. - S20dare il sangue a...
— см. - S160— см. - S161— см. - S237— см. - S300— см. - S299— см. - S319— см. - S329— см. - S362— см. - S546— см. - S530dare nel (или in, a) segno
— см. - S581— см. - S582— см. - M1416— см. -A59— см. -A1181— см. - S693— см. - S704— см. - S719— см. - S720— см. - S726— см. - S796— см. - S835— см. - S858— см. - S881— см. - S899— см. - S924— см. - S945— см. - S1097— см. - S1135— см. - S1178— см. - S1179— см. - S1208— см. - S1231— см. - S1255dare le spalle (in faccia a qd)
— см. - S1256— см. - S1288— см. - S1310— см. - S1368— см. - S1382— см. - S1394— см. - S1395— см. - S1440— см. - S1469— см. - S1470— см. - S1491— см. - S1492— см. - S1530— см. - S1542— см. - S1549— см. - S1628— см. - S1746— см. - S1775— см. - S1776— см. - S1794— см. - S1802— см. - S1911— см. - S1927— см. - S1944— см. - S1958dare la stura (a...)
— см. - S1981— см. - S2114— см. - T2dare un taglio (a un discorso)
— см. - T37— см. - D30— см. - T123— см. - T177— см. - T258— см. - T259— см. - T373— см. - T415a— см. - T539— см. - T540— см. - T541— см. - T698— см. - T726— см. - T727— см. - S246— см. - T787— см. - T788— см. - T816dare il tracollo a...
— см. - T817— см. - T888— см. - T901— см. - T902— см. - T908— см. - T912— см. - T916— см. - T917— см. - T922— см. - T923— см. - T939— см. - T945— см. - T970— см. - T685— см. - T727— см. - V612— см. - U40— см. -A276— см. - C2312— см. - C3109— см. - M586— см. - P1033— см. - R254— см. - S659— см. - S1441— см. - S1936— см. - U62— см. - U78— см. - U98— см. - U111— см. - V16— см. - V70darsi (il) vanto di...
— см. - V72— см. - V115— non dare a vedere che...
— см. - V116— см. - V157— см. - V158— см. - V229— см. - M1416— см. - V291— см. - V396— см. - V412— см. - V439— см. - V543— см. - V478— см. - V531— см. - C274— см. - V479— см. - P1475— см. - V594dar(se)la vinta (тж. darsi per vinto)
— см. - V611— см. - V690— см. - V719dare la vita per...
— см. - V720— см. - V721— см. - V722— см. - V845— см. - V846— см. - V947— см. - V948dare (di или la) volta al cervello (тж. dare la volta al canto)
— см. - C1585— см. - Z9— см. - P1642— см. - Z80— см. - Z88accennare coppe (или in coppa) e dare (In) bastoni (тж. accennar coppe или picche e dare denari или spade)
— см. - C2613- D37 —fare che il tordo non dia dietro
— см. - T759— см. -A849— см. - C799— см. - T593stare a quel che dà il convento
— см. - C2590— см. -A528— см. - C441— см. - I126ad albero caduto, dàgli, dagli,
— см. -A454— см. - T293a can che lecca spiedo, non gli dare arrosto
— см. - C477— см. - C937a cattiva vacca Dio dà corte corna
— см. - V7— см. - S65chi mi dà più, io volterò mantello
— см. - M721chi dà retta al cervello degli altri, butta via il suo
— см. - C1620chi giace sì dà pace (тж. il morto giace e il vivo si dà pace; chi muore giace e chi vive или resta si dà pace)
— см. - G422— см. - M1444chi a molti dà terrore, di molti abbia timore
— см. - T464— см. -A1237— см. -A1387— см. - C1985come l'ho avuta, cosi l'ho data
— см. -A1380— см. - C3298i dadi hanno dato i loro numeri
— см. - D11- D40 —dàgli (тж. dàgli, dàgli; dai e dai; dàlli; dàlli, dàlli)
- D41 —dà (или date) da bere al prete, che il chierico ha sete
— см. - P2266— см. - C2134dàgli, dàgli, le cipolle diventan agli
— см. - C1958a dargli un dito, prende (tutta) la mano (тж. dategli un dito, vi prendon la mano; gli dài un dito e si prende la mano; se gli dài un dito, ti prende anche il braccio)
— см. - D711— см. - M41— см. - M1436— см. - M1689darebbe noia alla noia (или all'ombra, all'aria)
— см. - N396— см. - P292- D43 —dàgli, picchia e martella
— см. - R279— см. - S239— см. - D469è come dare l'incenso ai grilli
— см. - I160— см. - P2399— см. - E184mal per chi le dà, peggio per chi le riceve
— см. - M288la matrigna mi dà il pane, e rigna
— см. - M934meglio dar la lana che la pecora
— см. - L120— см. - S536non darebbe un Cristo a baciare
— см. - C3070— см. - F610— см. - P1301non sa donare chi tarda a dare
— см. - D772— см. - M708qual asin dà in parete, tal riceve
— см. -A1245quando la palla balza, ciascun sa darle
— см. - P162— см. - S190sapienza vecchia dà frutto nuovo
— см. - S236il tempo dà (или darà) consiglio
— см. - T322— см. - T350 -
3 causa
f1) причинаper causa mia / tua — из-за меня / тебя; по моей / твоей винеa causa di... — вследствие, по причине, из-за; благодаря2) повод, основаниеdare causa — подать повод, дать основание3) дело, интересыtradire una causa — изменить какому-либо делу, предать чьи-либо интересыavere causa comune con qd — иметь общие интересы с кем-либоfare causa comune — делать общее дело; действовать заодно / сообщаsposare la causa comune — бороться за общее дело4) юр. (судебное) дело, процессcausa penale / criminale — уголовное делоavere causa, essere in causa con qd — судитьсяessere (parte) in causa — быть заинтересованной сторонойperdere una causa — проиграть дело, процессchiamare in causa — 1) вызвать в суд, привлечь к ответственности 2) вовлечь в..., привлечь к...vincere la causa e perdere la lite разг. — выиграть процесс без всякой пользы для себяdare causa vinta — 1) прекратить дело 2) перен. прекратить спор5) спец.causa di errore — источник ошибки / погрешности•Syn:Ant:••chi è causa del suo mal pianga se stesso prov — сам виноват, так и пеняй на себя (ср. сам заварил кашу, сам и расхлёбывай) -
4 causa
càuśa f 1) причина causa ed effetto — причина и следствие per causa mia (tua) — из-за меня (тебя); по моей (твоей) вине a causa di … — вследствие, по причине, из-за (+ G); благодаря (+ D) per causa di — по вине, из-за (+ G) 2) повод, основание dare causa — подать повод, дать основание 3) дело, интересы la causa della pace — дело мира causa del popolo — благо народа abbracciareuna causa — защищать какое-л дело <чьи-л интересы> tradire una causa — изменить какому-л делу, предать чьи-л интересы avere causa comune con qd — иметь общие интересы с кем-л fare causa comune — делать общее дело; действовать заодно <сообща> sposare la causa comune — бороться за общее дело 4) dir (судебное) дело, процесс causa penale -
5 CAUSA
f1) причина, повод» основание2) дело; интересы3) ( судебное) дело- C1299 —- C1300 —- C1301 —— см. - P616- C1302 —a (или per) causa di...
— см. - C2083- C1306 —- C1311 —- C1313 —- C1314 —fare causa comune con...
- C1320 —- C1323 —è in causa...
non c'è effetto senza causa (1)
— см. - E36 -
6 causa
causa (von Cicero u. nach ihm noch von Vergil u. auch in Inschr. caussa geschr., s. Quint. 1, 7, 20; vgl. Osann Cic. de rep. 1, 6. p. 20), ae, f. (v. cūdo), der Fall, I) der veranlassende, die Veranlassung, der Anlaß, der Grund (Beweggrund), der Umstand, die Ursache, Quelle, Schuld von etw. (Ggstz. effecta u. facta, n. pl.; vgl. Cic. de fat. 34 die Definition von causa), a) übh.: causa parva, Ter., parvula, Caes.: magna, Cic., maior, Liv.: c. levis, gravis, Cic.: c. evidens (Ggstz. c. abdita od. obscura od. in obscuro posita), Cels.: c. perspicua (Ggstz. obscura), Cic.: c. externa, Cic.: c. iusta, iustior, Cic.: c. vera, Ter.: c. probabilis, Cic. – cum causa, mit (triftigem, stichhaltigem) Grund, Ggstz. sine causa, Cic.: non sine causa fieri, Cels. – qua de causa, Cic.: quibus de causis, Quint.: his de causis, Cic.: quacunque de causa, Cels.: aliquibus de causis, Cels.: gravi de causa, Cic.: iustis de causis, Cic. – qua ex causa, Cic.: quibus ex causis, Quint., od. ex quibus causis, Plin. ep.: u. ex hac causa, ex his causis, Cels. – ex alia causa, Cels.: nulla alia ex causa, Sen.: multis ex causis, ex pluribus causis, Quint.: obscura aliqua ex causa, Cic. – ob eam causam, Cic.: ob eas causas, Caes.: u. ob eandem causam, Liv.: ob quam causam u. quam ob causam, quas ob causas, Liv.: ob aliam causam, non ob aliam causam, Liv.: ob nullam aliam causam, nullam aliam ob causam, nullam ob aliam causam, Liv. (s. über die Verbindung mit ob übh. Fabri Liv. 24, 8, 5). – propter eam quam dixi causam, Cic. – mit Ang. wessen? wozu? durch Genet., selten (nicht bei Cic.) durch den Infin., od. durch ad mit Akk., c. adventus, Nep.: c. belli, Cic. u.a. (auch v. Pers., s. Fabri Liv. 21, 21, 2): c. criminis, Cic.: c. mortis, v. Pers., Cic., v. einem Umstande, Liv.: parvulae causae vel falsae suscipionis vel terroris repentini, kl. U., die in f. V. od. pl. Schr. liegen, Caes.: quae tot scelerum suscipiendorum causa? Cic.: durch Infin., quae causa fuit consurgere in arma, Verg.: dolor huic et cura Neaerae coniugis ereptae causa perire fuit, Tibull.: durch ad mit Akk., satis vehemens causa ad obiurgandum, Ter. – m. weiterer Ang. weshalb? warum? causae, propter quas, Quint.: ob eam causam, quia speciem habet admirabilem, Thaumante dicitur esse natus, Cic.: cur causa Zenoni non fuerit, quamobrem etc., Cic.: multae causae sunt, quam ob rem etc., Ter. (s. Spengel Ter. Andr. 382): causam Ulixi fuisse, quare interfecerit Aiacem, Cornif. rhet.: quidnam esse causae, cur etc., Cic.: quae causa sit, cur etc., Cic.: cuius rei cum causam quaererem quidnam esset cur in quoquo oratore plurimum esset, ita maxime is pertimesceret, has causas inveniebam duas, Cic. – m. weiterer Ang. des Grundes, weil, daß od. daß nicht usw. durch quod, quo (= ut eo) ut, ne, quin, quominus (s. Fabri Sall. Cat. 51, 41. Weißenb. Liv. 5, 55, 5 u. 40, 26, 5), zB. propter hanc causam, quod etc., Cic.: ob eam causam, ut od. ne etc., Cic.: neque ob eam causam, quo facilius consequerer, Cic.: ea est causa, ut veteres cloacae nunc privata passim subeant tecta, Liv.: huius epistulae non solum ea causa est, ut ne quis a me dies intermittatur, quin etc.... sed etiam haec iustior, ut a te impetrarem, ut etc., Cic.: num quid est causae, quin amicos nostros Stoicos dimittamus? Cic.: quibus aut emerita stipendia aut morbus causae essent, quominus militarent, Liv.: eis causis, quominus dimicare vellet, movebatur, Caes. – Redensarten: in causa esse, U., Sch. sein (vgl. no. II, a am A.), zB. in causa haec sunt, Cic. ep. 1, 1. § 1: in causa (est) amor primum, deinde quod (weil usw.) etc., Plin. ep. 7, 5, 1: vim morbi in causa esse, quo serius perficeretur, Liv. 40, 26, 5: u. esse alci in causa, ut etc., Quint. 12, 5, 2. – afferre causam, causam consilii sui, den Grund angeben von usw., Cic.: afferre causam explicandae philosophiae, Veranlassung geben zu usw., Cic.: alci inferre causam belli, iurgii, gegen jmd. einen Grund zum Kr., zum Streite geltend machen, suchen (vgl. no. II a. E.), Cic. de imp. Pomp. 65. Phaedr. 1, 1, 4: alci causam alcis rei dare, Veranlassung geben zu etw. (zB. harum litterarum), Cic.: esse causam alcis rei (v. Pers.u. Lebl.), Cic. u.a. (auch von mehreren, zB. dicuntur causa mortis fuisse, Quint.: nos causa belli sumus, Liv.): causae esse, Caes., alci causae esse, Liv.: nancisci causam alcis rei, Cic.: quaerere causam eius rei u. novi consilii, nach der U. fragen, Cic. u. Liv. (vgl. quaerit causae quid sit tam repentini consilii, Nep.). – habere multas et graves causas corrumpendi iudicii, Cic.: nec umquam bellorum civilium semen et causa deerit, Cic.: causam alcis rei sustinere, von etw. die Schuld tragen, Cic. – b) der entschuldigende Grund, der Entschuldigungsgrund, die Entschuldigung, die Ausrede, der Einwand, tibi causa est de hac re, Ter.: causam accipere (gelten lassen), Cic. – c) der bemäntelnde, erdichtete Grund, der Vorwand, das Vorgeben (πρόφασις; vgl. Ruhnk. Ter. Andr. 1, 3, 8), causas fingere, Ov.: causam invenire, Ter.: causam interponens (als Vorwand angebend, unter dem Vorwand) se collegas exspectare, Nep.: u. ebenso causam interserens te hostem esse Atheniensibus, Nep. – mit Ang. wessen? durch Genet., muri causam opponere, Cic.: bes. per causam m. Genet. = unter dem Vorwande einer Sache (griech. κατά πρόφασιν), zB. per causam supplementi equitatusque cogendi, Caes.: per causam renovati ab Aequis belli, Liv. (s. Drak. Liv. 2, 32, 1. Broukh. Tibull. 1, 6 [7], 26). – mit Ang. wozu? durch Genet. od. ad m. Akk., causas novarum postulationum quaerere, Cic.: causam bellandi reperire, Nep.: causam habere ad iniuriam, Cic. – m. weiterer Ang. weshalb? iam diu aliquam causam quaerere, quamobrem etc., Ter. – m. weiterer Ang. daß od. daß nicht, fingere causam peracutam, ut etc., Cic.: fingere causas, ut etc., Tibull.: fingere causas, ne etc., Ter. – d) der eingewendete Grund, die Einwendung, der Einwand, causam hau dico, ich mache keinen Einw., Plaut.: nullam od. non causam dico, quin etc., ich habe nichts einzuwenden, daß usw., Plaut. u. Ter.: num quid causae est od. num quae causa est, quin etc., Plaut.: neu causa ulla restet relicua, quin etc., Ter.: causae nihil dicimus, quin etc., Cic. Quinct. 57. Vgl. Brix Plaut. capt. 350. Lorenz Einl. zu Plaut. Pseud. S. 9. Anm. 9. – e) als mediz. t. t., der Krankheitsanlaß, Krankheitszustand (s. Fabri Liv. 22, 8, 3), causa levis (Ggstz. causa gravior), Liv.: causa tenuissima, Cic.: causae externae, Liv.: tantum causam metuere, Cels.: afferre valetudinis causas, Quint. – dah. bei Spät. = Krankheit, Cael. Aur., Veget. u.a. – f) Abl. causā m. Genet. od. Pronom. possess., aus Ursache, auf Veranlassung, in Rücksicht auf, im Interesse eines Ggstds., um... willen, wegen, halber, auch zu, α) m. Genet., gew. dem Genet. nachgestellt, selten (des Gegensatzes, Nachdrucks wegen) ihm vorangesetzt, fili causā, Plaut.: tempestatis causā, auf V. des Wetters, durch das W., Cic.: temporis causā, der Zeit u. Umstände wegen, im Drange des Augenblicks, Cic.: rei publicae causā, Cic.: ioci causā, Cic.: delectationis causā, Cels.: animi causā, s. animus no. II, A, 2, d: auxilii causā, Caes.: contumeliae causā (Ggstz. honoris causā), Cic.: mortis causā patris sui, Liv.: honoris causā, s. honōs: fidei causā, Sall.: exempli causā, Cic.: verbi causā, Cic.: liberorum quaerendorum causā, Plaut. u. Suet.: liberûm quaesundûm causā, Enn. fr.: voluptatum adipiscendarum causā, Cic.: dissimulandi causā, Sall.: u. alcis causā cupere, velle, velle omnia, debere omnia, Cic. – vor dem Genet., causā virginis, Ter. Eun. 202: causā antiquitatis, Vulcat. Sedig. fr. bei Gell. 15, 24. v. 13: causā amicorum, Cic. de amic. 57: causā ignominiae, Liv. 40, 41, 11 H.: causā ludorum, Liv. 40, 44, 10 H.: causā detrectandi sacramenti, Suet. Aug. 24 R., causā conservandae vocis, Augustin. conf. 6, 3, 3, s. Madvig Emendatt. Liv. p. 474. – zwischen zwei Genet., aedificandi causā theatri, Amm. 29, 6, 11. – β) m. Pronom. poss., meā causā, um meinetwillen, meinetwegen, in meinem Interesse, mir zuliebe, Cic. (auch causā meā des Verses wegen bei den Komik. u. bei Hor. sat. 1, 4, 97): u. so tuā causā, nostrā causā, vestrā causā, Cic.: alienā potius causā quam suā, Quint.
II) der obwaltende, a) die obwaltende Angelegenheit, Sache, der Gegenstand, Punkt, die Sachlage, der Sachverhalt, Alexandrina causa, Cic.: nec praetermittebat fere quicquam, quod esset in causa, was zur Sache gehörte, Cic. Brut. 303 (vgl. oben no. I, a in causa esse): et causam et hominem probare, Caes.: super tali causa eodem missum esse, Nep.: sic egit causam tuam, ut etc., Cic.: cui senatus dederat publicam (al. publice) causam, ut etc., den offiziellen Auftrag, Cic. – im Ggstz. zu Nebenumständen, armis inferiores, non causā fuisse, Cic.: parum precibus, parum causā proficere, Liv. – b) die obwaltende Lage, Stellung, der obwaltende Fall, obwaltende Zustand, suam causam non nosse, alienas facile discere, Cic.: num alia in causa M. Cato fuit, aliā ceteri qui etc., Cic.: (Regulus) erat in meliore causa, Cic.: in eadem causa erant Usipetes et Tenchteri, Caes.: (praedia) soluta meliore causā sunt quam obligata, Cic. – c) das obwaltende freundschaftliche Verhältnis, die freundschaftliche Beziehung zu jmd., das Freundschaftsverhältnis, die Verbindung, quicum tibi affinitas, societas, omnes denique causae et necessitudines veteres intercedebant, Cic.: ad eas causas quibus inter nos amore sumus, officiis, vetustate coniuncti patriae caritas accessit, Cic.: explicare breviter, quae mihi sit ratio et causa cum Caesare, Cic. – d) das Interesse, das man verfolgt, die Sache, Partei, die man verficht (s. die Auslgg. zu Cic. de imp. Pomp. 2): causa senatoria, popularis, Iustin.: populi Romani vera, Cic.: c. Caesaris melior, Quint.: suarum partium c., Quint.: c., quam Pompeius susceperat, Cic.: causam imperii cognoscere, Cic.: causam rei publicae non tenere, Cic. (s. Halm Cic. Sull. 32): u. ad causam publicam accedere, das Interesse des Staates zu vertreten beginnen, Cic.: causam populi agere (Ggstz. causam optimatium agere), Nep.: rem in causam plebis inclinare, Quint.: ea causa, quae est senatui, quae est dis hominibusque gratissima, Cic.: ii, quorum est una causa, Cic.: non omnibus Sullae causa grata, Cic.: utrum militantium
adversarii estis, an causam agitis ? Liv.: omnis familiae causa consistit tibi, das Interesse für usw. (die Sorge für die Unterhaltung der usw.), Plaut. asin. 520. – e) der in Frage stehende od. gestellte Gegenstand, Punkt, α) = ὑπόθεσις die Aufgabe, der Stoff, das Thema, der Streitpunkt (s. Cic. top. 79. Quint. 3, 5, 7), sowohl einer philosophischen Erörterung usw., poscere eorum aliquem qui adsunt causam disserendi, Cic.: quod vero maxime rem causamque continet, Cic. – als einer rednerischen Darstellung, der Fall, verae causae aut forenses, wirkliche Geschäfts-od. Gerichtsfälle, Cic.: causarum, quae sint a communi quaestione seiunctae, partim in iudiciis versari, partim in deliberationibus, Cic. – β) der obwaltende Rechtsfall, die Rechtssache, die Rechtsfrage, die gerichtliche Sache, die Streitfrage, der Prozeß, causa capitis, causa capitis aut famae, Cic.: maiestatis, Tac. – causae forenses, Cic.: causae malae, optimae, Cic.: causae privatae, publicae, Cic.: c. centumviralis, Cic.: c. liberalis, Cic.: c. superior, Ggstz. c. inferior, Cic.: c. parvula, Bagatellsache, Cic.: c. tenuis, Cic.: c. vera (gerechte), Cic.: causa iudicata atque damnata, Cic.: causā indictā, ohne Prozeß, Cic.: causā cognitā (Ggstz. causā
incognitā), Cic. – actio, actor causae, Cic.: causae dictio, Cic.: orationes causarum, Cic. – accedere causae od. ad causam, Cic.: adesse in hac causa, Cic.: adesse tali causae, Quint.: agere causam, s. ago no. II, B, 5, c (S. 270): causam defendere, Cic.: causas defensitare, Cic. – causam dicere = den Prozeß führen (v. gerichtl. Redner) u. = sich verteidigen od. sich verteidigen lassen (v. Angeklagten, Ggstz. accusare), Cic.: causam parricidii dicere (v. gerichtl. Redner), Liv.: coronae subreptae de Capitolio causam dicere (v. Angeklagten), Porphyr.: causam ex vinculis dicere (v. Angeklagten), Caes. u. Liv. – causam discere, sich vortragen lassen (v. Sachwalter), Cic.: causam docere alqm, einem Sachwalter vortragen, Cic.: causam orare, perorare, Cic. – causam alci inferre, Auct. b. Hisp. 1, 4 u. ICt. (versch. v. oben no. I, a). – causam recipere, suscipere, Cic.: causā desistere (v. Kläger), Cic.: causā premi, mit seinem Pr. ins Gedränge kommen, Sen.: in causis iudiciisque versari, Cic. – causam tenere, obtinere, sustinere, den Prozeß gewinnen, Cic.: u. so auch vincere causam suam, Ov. – u. causam perdere, seines Interesses verlustig gehen, den Pr. verlieren, Cic.: causā cadere, infolge eines Formfehlers den Pr. verlieren, Cic., Suet. u. ICt. (s. Piderit Cic. de or. 1, 66. Halm Cic. Mur. 9). – causa labefactatur ad iudicem, Cic. – f) die ganze jurist. Beschaffenheit eines Rechtsobjekts, bes. die damit verbundenen Lasten und Vorteile, tota causa fundi, ICt.: fundus cum sua causa transit, ICt.: dominium cum sua causa transferre, ICt.: bona cum causa, ICt.: dah. oft sine causa, ohne Nutzen od. Vorteil, umsonst, Eccl. (s. Rönsch Itala p. 306). – / Nicht selten steht causa mit einem gewissen Lautspiele in einem Satze in der Bedeutung von no. I u. von no. II nebeneinander, zB. meā causā causam accipite, Ter. heaut. 47: his de causis ego huic causae patronus exstiti, Cic. Rosc. Am. 5 (dazu Halm).
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7 causa
causa (von Cicero u. nach ihm noch von Vergil u. auch in Inschr. caussa geschr., s. Quint. 1, 7, 20; vgl. Osann Cic. de rep. 1, 6. p. 20), ae, f. (v. cūdo), der Fall, I) der veranlassende, die Veranlassung, der Anlaß, der Grund (Beweggrund), der Umstand, die Ursache, Quelle, Schuld von etw. (Ggstz. effecta u. facta, n. pl.; vgl. Cic. de fat. 34 die Definition von causa), a) übh.: causa parva, Ter., parvula, Caes.: magna, Cic., maior, Liv.: c. levis, gravis, Cic.: c. evidens (Ggstz. c. abdita od. obscura od. in obscuro posita), Cels.: c. perspicua (Ggstz. obscura), Cic.: c. externa, Cic.: c. iusta, iustior, Cic.: c. vera, Ter.: c. probabilis, Cic. – cum causa, mit (triftigem, stichhaltigem) Grund, Ggstz. sine causa, Cic.: non sine causa fieri, Cels. – qua de causa, Cic.: quibus de causis, Quint.: his de causis, Cic.: quacunque de causa, Cels.: aliquibus de causis, Cels.: gravi de causa, Cic.: iustis de causis, Cic. – qua ex causa, Cic.: quibus ex causis, Quint., od. ex quibus causis, Plin. ep.: u. ex hac causa, ex his causis, Cels. – ex alia causa, Cels.: nulla alia ex causa, Sen.: multis ex causis, ex pluribus causis, Quint.: obscura aliqua ex causa, Cic. – ob eam causam, Cic.: ob eas causas, Caes.: u. ob eandem causam, Liv.: ob quam causam u. quam ob causam, quas ob causas, Liv.: ob aliam causam, non ob aliam causam, Liv.: ob nullam aliam causam, nullam aliam ob————causam, nullam ob aliam causam, Liv. (s. über die Verbindung mit ob übh. Fabri Liv. 24, 8, 5). – propter eam quam dixi causam, Cic. – mit Ang. wessen? wozu? durch Genet., selten (nicht bei Cic.) durch den Infin., od. durch ad mit Akk., c. adventus, Nep.: c. belli, Cic. u.a. (auch v. Pers., s. Fabri Liv. 21, 21, 2): c. criminis, Cic.: c. mortis, v. Pers., Cic., v. einem Umstande, Liv.: parvulae causae vel falsae suscipionis vel terroris repentini, kl. U., die in f. V. od. pl. Schr. liegen, Caes.: quae tot scelerum suscipiendorum causa? Cic.: durch Infin., quae causa fuit consurgere in arma, Verg.: dolor huic et cura Neaerae coniugis ereptae causa perire fuit, Tibull.: durch ad mit Akk., satis vehemens causa ad obiurgandum, Ter. – m. weiterer Ang. weshalb? warum? causae, propter quas, Quint.: ob eam causam, quia speciem habet admirabilem, Thaumante dicitur esse natus, Cic.: cur causa Zenoni non fuerit, quamobrem etc., Cic.: multae causae sunt, quam ob rem etc., Ter. (s. Spengel Ter. Andr. 382): causam Ulixi fuisse, quare interfecerit Aiacem, Cornif. rhet.: quidnam esse causae, cur etc., Cic.: quae causa sit, cur etc., Cic.: cuius rei cum causam quaererem quidnam esset cur in quoquo oratore plurimum esset, ita maxime is pertimesceret, has causas inveniebam duas, Cic. – m. weiterer Ang. des Grundes, weil, daß od. daß nicht usw. durch quod, quo (= ut eo) ut, ne, quin, quominus (s. Fabri Sall.————Cat. 51, 41. Weißenb. Liv. 5, 55, 5 u. 40, 26, 5), zB. propter hanc causam, quod etc., Cic.: ob eam causam, ut od. ne etc., Cic.: neque ob eam causam, quo facilius consequerer, Cic.: ea est causa, ut veteres cloacae nunc privata passim subeant tecta, Liv.: huius epistulae non solum ea causa est, ut ne quis a me dies intermittatur, quin etc.... sed etiam haec iustior, ut a te impetrarem, ut etc., Cic.: num quid est causae, quin amicos nostros Stoicos dimittamus? Cic.: quibus aut emerita stipendia aut morbus causae essent, quominus militarent, Liv.: eis causis, quominus dimicare vellet, movebatur, Caes. – Redensarten: in causa esse, U., Sch. sein (vgl. no. II, a am A.), zB. in causa haec sunt, Cic. ep. 1, 1. § 1: in causa (est) amor primum, deinde quod (weil usw.) etc., Plin. ep. 7, 5, 1: vim morbi in causa esse, quo serius perficeretur, Liv. 40, 26, 5: u. esse alci in causa, ut etc., Quint. 12, 5, 2. – afferre causam, causam consilii sui, den Grund angeben von usw., Cic.: afferre causam explicandae philosophiae, Veranlassung geben zu usw., Cic.: alci inferre causam belli, iurgii, gegen jmd. einen Grund zum Kr., zum Streite geltend machen, suchen (vgl. no. II a. E.), Cic. de imp. Pomp. 65. Phaedr. 1, 1, 4: alci causam alcis rei dare, Veranlassung geben zu etw. (zB. harum litterarum), Cic.: esse causam alcis rei (v. Pers.u. Lebl.), Cic. u.a. (auch von mehreren, zB. dicuntur causa mortis fuisse, Quint.: nos causa belli————sumus, Liv.): causae esse, Caes., alci causae esse, Liv.: nancisci causam alcis rei, Cic.: quaerere causam eius rei u. novi consilii, nach der U. fragen, Cic. u. Liv. (vgl. quaerit causae quid sit tam repentini consilii, Nep.). – habere multas et graves causas corrumpendi iudicii, Cic.: nec umquam bellorum civilium semen et causa deerit, Cic.: causam alcis rei sustinere, von etw. die Schuld tragen, Cic. – b) der entschuldigende Grund, der Entschuldigungsgrund, die Entschuldigung, die Ausrede, der Einwand, tibi causa est de hac re, Ter.: causam accipere (gelten lassen), Cic. – c) der bemäntelnde, erdichtete Grund, der Vorwand, das Vorgeben (πρόφασις; vgl. Ruhnk. Ter. Andr. 1, 3, 8), causas fingere, Ov.: causam invenire, Ter.: causam interponens (als Vorwand angebend, unter dem Vorwand) se collegas exspectare, Nep.: u. ebenso causam interserens te hostem esse Atheniensibus, Nep. – mit Ang. wessen? durch Genet., muri causam opponere, Cic.: bes. per causam m. Genet. = unter dem Vorwande einer Sache (griech. κατά πρόφασιν), zB. per causam supplementi equitatusque cogendi, Caes.: per causam renovati ab Aequis belli, Liv. (s. Drak. Liv. 2, 32, 1. Broukh. Tibull. 1, 6 [7], 26). – mit Ang. wozu? durch Genet. od. ad m. Akk., causas novarum postulationum quaerere, Cic.: causam bellandi reperire, Nep.: causam habere ad iniuriam, Cic. – m. weiterer Ang. weshalb? iam diu ali-————quam causam quaerere, quamobrem etc., Ter. – m. weiterer Ang. daß od. daß nicht, fingere causam peracutam, ut etc., Cic.: fingere causas, ut etc., Tibull.: fingere causas, ne etc., Ter. – d) der eingewendete Grund, die Einwendung, der Einwand, causam hau dico, ich mache keinen Einw., Plaut.: nullam od. non causam dico, quin etc., ich habe nichts einzuwenden, daß usw., Plaut. u. Ter.: num quid causae est od. num quae causa est, quin etc., Plaut.: neu causa ulla restet relicua, quin etc., Ter.: causae nihil dicimus, quin etc., Cic. Quinct. 57. Vgl. Brix Plaut. capt. 350. Lorenz Einl. zu Plaut. Pseud. S. 9. Anm. 9. – e) als mediz. t. t., der Krankheitsanlaß, Krankheitszustand (s. Fabri Liv. 22, 8, 3), causa levis (Ggstz. causa gravior), Liv.: causa tenuissima, Cic.: causae externae, Liv.: tantum causam metuere, Cels.: afferre valetudinis causas, Quint. – dah. bei Spät. = Krankheit, Cael. Aur., Veget. u.a. – f) Abl. causā m. Genet. od. Pronom. possess., aus Ursache, auf Veranlassung, in Rücksicht auf, im Interesse eines Ggstds., um... willen, wegen, halber, auch zu, α) m. Genet., gew. dem Genet. nachgestellt, selten (des Gegensatzes, Nachdrucks wegen) ihm vorangesetzt, fili causā, Plaut.: tempestatis causā, auf V. des Wetters, durch das W., Cic.: temporis causā, der Zeit u. Umstände wegen, im Drange des Augenblicks, Cic.: rei publicae causā, Cic.: ioci causā, Cic.: delectationis causā,————Cels.: animi causā, s. animus no. II, A, 2, d: auxilii causā, Caes.: contumeliae causā (Ggstz. honoris causā), Cic.: mortis causā patris sui, Liv.: honoris causā, s. honos: fidei causā, Sall.: exempli causā, Cic.: verbi causā, Cic.: liberorum quaerendorum causā, Plaut. u. Suet.: liberûm quaesundûm causā, Enn. fr.: voluptatum adipiscendarum causā, Cic.: dissimulandi causā, Sall.: u. alcis causā cupere, velle, velle omnia, debere omnia, Cic. – vor dem Genet., causā virginis, Ter. Eun. 202: causā antiquitatis, Vulcat. Sedig. fr. bei Gell. 15, 24. v. 13: causā amicorum, Cic. de amic. 57: causā ignominiae, Liv. 40, 41, 11 H.: causā ludorum, Liv. 40, 44, 10 H.: causā detrectandi sacramenti, Suet. Aug. 24 R., causā conservandae vocis, Augustin. conf. 6, 3, 3, s. Madvig Emendatt. Liv. p. 474. – zwischen zwei Genet., aedificandi causā theatri, Amm. 29, 6, 11. – β) m. Pronom. poss., meā causā, um meinetwillen, meinetwegen, in meinem Interesse, mir zuliebe, Cic. (auch causā meā des Verses wegen bei den Komik. u. bei Hor. sat. 1, 4, 97): u. so tuā causā, nostrā causā, vestrā causā, Cic.: alienā potius causā quam suā, Quint.II) der obwaltende, a) die obwaltende Angelegenheit, Sache, der Gegenstand, Punkt, die Sachlage, der Sachverhalt, Alexandrina causa, Cic.: nec praetermittebat fere quicquam, quod esset in causa, was zur Sache gehörte, Cic. Brut. 303 (vgl. oben no. I, a————in causa esse): et causam et hominem probare, Caes.: super tali causa eodem missum esse, Nep.: sic egit causam tuam, ut etc., Cic.: cui senatus dederat publicam (al. publice) causam, ut etc., den offiziellen Auftrag, Cic. – im Ggstz. zu Nebenumständen, armis inferiores, non causā fuisse, Cic.: parum precibus, parum causā proficere, Liv. – b) die obwaltende Lage, Stellung, der obwaltende Fall, obwaltende Zustand, suam causam non nosse, alienas facile discere, Cic.: num alia in causa M. Cato fuit, aliā ceteri qui etc., Cic.: (Regulus) erat in meliore causa, Cic.: in eadem causa erant Usipetes et Tenchteri, Caes.: (praedia) soluta meliore causā sunt quam obligata, Cic. – c) das obwaltende freundschaftliche Verhältnis, die freundschaftliche Beziehung zu jmd., das Freundschaftsverhältnis, die Verbindung, quicum tibi affinitas, societas, omnes denique causae et necessitudines veteres intercedebant, Cic.: ad eas causas quibus inter nos amore sumus, officiis, vetustate coniuncti patriae caritas accessit, Cic.: explicare breviter, quae mihi sit ratio et causa cum Caesare, Cic. – d) das Interesse, das man verfolgt, die Sache, Partei, die man verficht (s. die Auslgg. zu Cic. de imp. Pomp. 2): causa senatoria, popularis, Iustin.: populi Romani vera, Cic.: c. Caesaris melior, Quint.: suarum partium c., Quint.: c., quam Pompeius susceperat, Cic.: causam imperii cognoscere, Cic.: causam rei publicae————non tenere, Cic. (s. Halm Cic. Sull. 32): u. ad causam publicam accedere, das Interesse des Staates zu vertreten beginnen, Cic.: causam populi agere (Ggstz. causam optimatium agere), Nep.: rem in causam plebis inclinare, Quint.: ea causa, quae est senatui, quae est dis hominibusque gratissima, Cic.: ii, quorum est una causa, Cic.: non omnibus Sullae causa grata, Cic.: utrum militantiumadversarii estis, an causam agitis ? Liv.: omnis familiae causa consistit tibi, das Interesse für usw. (die Sorge für die Unterhaltung der usw.), Plaut. asin. 520. – e) der in Frage stehende od. gestellte Gegenstand, Punkt, α) = ὑπόθεσις die Aufgabe, der Stoff, das Thema, der Streitpunkt (s. Cic. top. 79. Quint. 3, 5, 7), sowohl einer philosophischen Erörterung usw., poscere eorum aliquem qui adsunt causam disserendi, Cic.: quod vero maxime rem causamque continet, Cic. – als einer rednerischen Darstellung, der Fall, verae causae aut forenses, wirkliche Geschäfts- od. Gerichtsfälle, Cic.: causarum, quae sint a communi quaestione seiunctae, partim in iudiciis versari, partim in deliberationibus, Cic. – β) der obwaltende Rechtsfall, die Rechtssache, die Rechtsfrage, die gerichtliche Sache, die Streitfrage, der Prozeß, causa capitis, causa capitis aut famae, Cic.: maiestatis, Tac. – causae forenses, Cic.: causae malae, optimae, Cic.: causae privatae, publicae, Cic.: c. centum-————viralis, Cic.: c. liberalis, Cic.: c. superior, Ggstz. c. inferior, Cic.: c. parvula, Bagatellsache, Cic.: c. tenuis, Cic.: c. vera (gerechte), Cic.: causa iudicata atque damnata, Cic.: causā indictā, ohne Prozeß, Cic.: causā cognitā (Ggstz. causāincognitā), Cic. – actio, actor causae, Cic.: causae dictio, Cic.: orationes causarum, Cic. – accedere causae od. ad causam, Cic.: adesse in hac causa, Cic.: adesse tali causae, Quint.: agere causam, s. ago no. II, B, 5, c (S. 270): causam defendere, Cic.: causas defensitare, Cic. – causam dicere = den Prozeß führen (v. gerichtl. Redner) u. = sich verteidigen od. sich verteidigen lassen (v. Angeklagten, Ggstz. accusare), Cic.: causam parricidii dicere (v. gerichtl. Redner), Liv.: coronae subreptae de Capitolio causam dicere (v. Angeklagten), Porphyr.: causam ex vinculis dicere (v. Angeklagten), Caes. u. Liv. – causam discere, sich vortragen lassen (v. Sachwalter), Cic.: causam docere alqm, einem Sachwalter vortragen, Cic.: causam orare, perorare, Cic. – causam alci inferre, Auct. b. Hisp. 1, 4 u. ICt. (versch. v. oben no. I, a). – causam recipere, suscipere, Cic.: causā desistere (v. Kläger), Cic.: causā premi, mit seinem Pr. ins Gedränge kommen, Sen.: in causis iudiciisque versari, Cic. – causam tenere, obtinere, sustinere, den Prozeß gewinnen, Cic.: u. so auch vincere causam suam, Ov. – u. causam perdere, seines Interesses verlustig gehen, den————Pr. verlieren, Cic.: causā cadere, infolge eines Formfehlers den Pr. verlieren, Cic., Suet. u. ICt. (s. Piderit Cic. de or. 1, 66. Halm Cic. Mur. 9). – causa labefactatur ad iudicem, Cic. – f) die ganze jurist. Beschaffenheit eines Rechtsobjekts, bes. die damit verbundenen Lasten und Vorteile, tota causa fundi, ICt.: fundus cum sua causa transit, ICt.: dominium cum sua causa transferre, ICt.: bona cum causa, ICt.: dah. oft sine causa, ohne Nutzen od. Vorteil, umsonst, Eccl. (s. Rönsch Itala p. 306). – ⇒ Nicht selten steht causa mit einem gewissen Lautspiele in einem Satze in der Bedeutung von no. I u. von no. II nebeneinander, zB. meā causā causam accipite, Ter. heaut. 47: his de causis ego huic causae patronus exstiti, Cic. Rosc. Am. 5 (dazu Halm). -
8 causa
causa (by Cicero, and also a little after him, caussa, Quint. 1, 7, 20; so Fast. Praenest. pp. 321, 322; Inscr. Orell. 3681; 4077; 4698 al.; in Mon. Ancyr. 3, 1 dub.), ae, f. [perh. root cav- of caveo, prop. that which is defended or protected; cf. cura], that by, on account of, or through which any thing takes place or is done; a cause, reason, motive, inducement; also, in gen., an occasion, opportunity (opp. effectis, Quint. 6, 3, 66; 7, 3, 29:I.factis,
id. 4, 2, 52; 12, 1, 36 al.; very freq. in all periods, and in all kinds of discourse. In its different meanings syn. with ratio, principium, fons, origo, caput; excusatio, defensio; judicium, controversia, lis; partes, actio; condicio, negotium, commodum, al.).In gen.: causa ea est, quae id efficit, cujus est causa; ut vulnus mortis; cruditas morbi;b.ignis ardoris. Itaque non sic causa intellegi debet, ut quod cuique antecedat, id ei causa sit, sed quod cuique efficienter antecedat,
Cic. Fat. 15, 34:justa et magna et perspicua,
id. Rosc. Am. 14, 40: id. Phil. 2, 22, 53; id. Att. 16, 7, 6:sontica causa, v. sonticus.—Followed by a particle of cause: causa, quamobrem, etc.,
Ter. And. 5, 1, 18; id. Eun. 1, 2, 65; id. [p. 304] Heaut. 2, 3, 95; id. Hec. 3, 3, 22; 3, 5, 2; 4, 4, 73; Cic. Fin. 4, 16, 44:causa, quare, etc.,
Cic. Inv. 2, 20, 60:causa, cur, etc.,
id. Ac. 1, 3, 10; Quint. 11, 3, 16; 2, 3, 11; Hor. C. 1, 16, 19 al.:causa quod, etc.,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 46, § 109; id. Phil. 6, 1, 1; Quint. 2, 1, 1; 5, 10, 30 al.:ut, etc.,
Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 7; Ter. Eun. 3, 3, 6; Cic. Fam. 1, 8, 4 al.:haud causa quin, etc.,
Plaut. Most. 2, 2, 4:quae causa est quin,
id. Capt. 2, 2, 103:quid causae est quin,
Ter. And. 3, 4, 21; Cic. Tusc. 5, 11, 32; Hor. S. 1, 1, 20:nulla causa est quin,
Cic. Fam. 2, 17, 1:causa quominus,
Sall. C. 51, 41; Liv. 34, 56, 9:causa ne,
id. 34, 39, 9:nihil causae est cur non, etc.,
Quint. 11, 3, 59:causae propter quas, etc.,
id. 4, 2, 12; 5, 7, 24; 8, 6, 23.—With gen. obj.:is, qui causa mortis fuit,
Cic. Phil. 9, 3, 7; Liv. 21, 21, 1; Quint. 7, 3, 18; 7, 4, 42:salutis,
Lucr. 3, 349:morbi,
id. 3, 502; Verg. G. 4, 397; Hor. C. 2, 2, 14:nos causa belli sumus,
Liv. 1, 13, 3:causa mortis fuistis,
Quint. 7, 3, 32; Sen. Ira, 2, 27, 3:explicandae philosophiae,
Cic. Div. 2, 2, 6:nec vero umquam bellorum civilium semen et causa deerit,
id. Off. 2, 8, 29; so,belli,
Sall. C. 2, 2; Verg. A. 7, 553; Hor. C. 2, 1, 2; id. S. 1, 3, 108; id. Ep. 1, 2, 9:felix qui potuit rerum cognoscere causas,
Verg. G. 2, 490:vera objurgandi causa,
Ter. And. 1, 1, 131; cf. with ad:causa ad objurgandum,
id. ib. 1, 1, 123; id. Hec. 4, 4, 71; and poet. with inf.:consurgere in arma,
Verg. A. 10, 90:perire,
Tib. 3, 2, 30:gestare carinas,
Luc. 5, 464.— With prepp.:cum causā,
with good reason, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 8, § 21; id. de Or. 2, 60, 247; Varr. R. R. 1, 17, 4:sine causā,
without good reason, Cic. Div. 2, 28, 61; id. Fat. 9, 18; id. de Or. 2, 60, 246; id. Att. 13, 22, 1; Caes. B. G. 1, 14; Nep. Alcib. 6, 2; Quint. 1, 10, 35; 1, 12, 9:his de causis,
Cic. Att. 6, 1, 6:id nisi gravi de causā non fecisset,
id. ib. 7, 7, 3:justis de causis,
id. Fam. 5, 20, 2:quā de causā,
id. Off. 1, 41, 147; id. Ac. 1, 12, 43; Caes. B. G. 1, 1:quibus de causis,
Quint. 4, 2, 15;less freq. in ante-Aug. prose: quā ex causa,
Cic. Rep. 2, 7, 13; id. Mur. 17, 36; but very freq. in Quint., Sen., and the younger Plin.; so,nullā aliā ex causā,
Sen. Ep. 29, 1:multis ex causis,
Quint. 5, 12, 3:quibus ex causis,
id. 4, 2, 15; Plin. Ep. 6, 6, 8:ex plurimis causis,
id. ib. 1, 3, 6:ex his (causis),
id. ib. 5, 8, 6:—ob eam causam scribo, ut, etc., Cic. Fam. 1, 8, 4:illa festinatio fuit ob illam causam, ne, etc.,
id. Verr. 2, 2, 40, § 99; Nep. Milt. 6, 2:ob eam causam, quia, etc.,
Cic. N. D. 3, 20, 51:ob eas causas,
Caes. B. G. 1, 10:ob eam ipsam causam,
Cic. Brut. 7, 29:quam ob causam,
Nep. Paus. 2, 6:propter eam quam dixi causam,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 46, § 110:causae propter quas,
Quint. 4, 2, 12.—In causā esse, to be the cause of, responsible for, etc. (rare):in causā haec sunt,
Cic. Fam. 1, 1, 1:vim morbi in causā esse, quo serius perficeretur,
Liv. 40, 26, 5:verecundiam multis in causā fuisse, ut, etc.,
Quint. 12, 5, 2; Plin. Ep. 6, 10, 3; 7, 5, 1; Plin. 9, 30, 49, § 94; cf.:tarditatis causa in senatu fuit,
Liv. 4, 58, 4.—Causā, in abl. with gen. or possess. adj. (usu. put after the noun), as patris causā, meā causā, on account of, for the sake of (in the best prose, almost always referring to the future, and implying a purpose; cf. propter with acc. of the pre-existing cause or motive):II.honoris tui causā huc ad te venimus,
Plaut. Poen. 3, 3, 25; Ter. Phorm. 5, 7, 35; Cic. Fam. 13, 26, 2 al.:animi causa, v. animus, II., etc.: exempli causā, v. exemplum: causā meā,
Plaut. Most. 5, 2, 47; id. Poen. 1, 2, 160; id. Am. 1, 3, 42 al.; Ter. Heaut. prol. 41; 5, 5, 23 al.;causā meāpte,
id. ib. 4, 3, 8:nostra causa,
id. Phorm. 4, 4, 14; Cic. Ac. 2, 38, 120; Quint. 7, 4, 9:vestrā magis hoc causā volebam quam meā,
Cic. de Or. 1, 35. 162:aliena potius causa quam sua,
Quint. 3, 7, 16.—Put before the noun:rastros capsit causă potiendi agri,
Enn. Ann. 324 Vahl.:quidquid hujus feci, causā virginis Feci,
Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 122; so Liv. 26, 32, 6; 31, 12, 4; 39, 14, 8; 40, 41 fin.; 40, 44, 10.—Rarely with propter in the same sense:vestrarum sedum templorumque causā, propter salutem meorum civium,
Cic. Sest. 20, 45.—With gen. of pers. or reflex. pron. instead of possess. very rare (v. Lahmeyer ad Cic. Lael. 16, 57):quod illi semper sui causā fecerant,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 52, § 121.Esp.A.= justa causa, good reason, just cause, full right:B.cum causā accedere ad accusandum,
with good reason, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 8, § 21; so,cum causā,
id. de Or. 2, 60, 247; Varr. R. R. 1, 17, 4; 3, 16, 7;and the contrary: sine causā,
without good reason, Cic. Div. 2, 28, 61; id. de Or. 2, 60, 246; Caes. B. G. 1, 14; Nep. Alcib. 6, 2 al.—An apology, excuse, Cato, R. R. 2, 2; Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 92; Ter. Phorm. 2, 1, 42; Cic. Fam. 16, 19 fin.; Verg. A. 9, 219 al.—C.Causam alicui dare alicujus rei, occasion:D.qui (Nebatius) mihi dedit causam harum litterarum,
Cic. Fam. 11, 27, 8;for which poët.: Bacchus et ad culpam causas dedit,
Verg. G. 2, 455 Forbig. ad loc.—A feigned cause, a pretext, pretence, = praetextus, prophasis:E.habere causam,
Plaut. As. 4, 1, 44:fingere falsas causas,
Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 71; id. And. 1, 3, 8 Ruhnk.; 4, 1, 18; id. Phorm. 2, 1, 4:fingit causas ne det,
id. Eun. 1, 2, 58; cf. Tib. 1, 6, 11:morae facere,
to pretend reasons for the delay, Sall. J. 36, 2:inferre causam,
Caes. B. G. 1, 39, 2:causam interponere,
Nep. Them. 7, 1; cf. id. Milt. 4, 1:bellandi,
id. Ham. 3, 1:belli,
Tac. A. 12, 45:jurgii,
Phaedr. 1, 1, 4 al. (On the other hand, causa, a true cause, is opp. to praetextus, a pretext, Suet. Caes. 30.)—So freq. per causam, under the pretext, Caes. B. C. 3, 24; 3, 76; 3, 87; Liv. 2, 32, 1 Drak.; 22, 61, 8; Suet. Caes. 2; id. Oth. 3; id. Vesp. 1; Tib. 1, 6, 26; Ov. H. 20, 140; id. Tr. 2, 452.—In judic. lang. t. t., a cause, judicial process, lawsuit:2.privatae,
Cic. Inv. 1, 3, 4:publicae,
id. de Or. 3, 20, 74; id. Rosc. Am. 21, 59:capitis aut famae,
id. Fam. 9, 21, 1:causam agere,
id. de Or. 2, 48, 199; Quint. 6, 1, 54; 7, 2, 55; 10, 7, 30;11, 1, 67 et saep.: constituere,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 1, § 1:perorare,
id. Quint. 24, 77:defendere,
Quint. 3, 6, 9; 12, 1, 24; 12, 1, 37; Suet. Caes. 49:exponere,
Quint. 2, 5, 7:perdere,
Cic. Rosc. Com. 4, 10:obtinere,
id. Fam. 1, 4, 1:tenere (= obticere),
Ov. M. 13, 190: causā cadere, v. cado, II.: causam dicere, to defend one ' s self, or to make a defence (as an advocate), Cic. Rosc. Am. 5, 12 and 13; 21, 54; id. Sest. 8, 18; id. Quint. 8, 31; Liv. 29, 19, 5; Quint. 5, 11, 39; 8, 2, 24; Suet. Caes. 30 et saep.— Poet.: causa prior, the first part of the process, i. e. the trial, Ov. M. 15, 37.—Hence,Out of the sphere of judicial proceedings, the party, faction, cause that one defends:b.ne condemnare causam illam, quam secutus esset, videretur, etc.,
Cic. Lig. 9, 27 sq.:suarum partium causa,
Quint. 3, 8, 57:causa Caesaris melior,
id. 5, 11, 42; Tac. A. 1, 36 al. —Hence,Meton.(α).A relation of friendship, connection:(β).quīcum tibi adfininitas, societas, omnes denique causae et necessitudines veteres intercedebant,
Cic. Quint. 15, 48:explicare breviter, quae mihi sit ratio et causa cum Caesare,
id. Prov. Cons. 17, 40; id. Fam. 13, 19, 1.—In gen., = condicio, a condition, state, situation, relation, position:(γ).ut nonnumquam mortem sibi ipse consciscere aliquis debeat, alius in eādem causā non debeat: num enim aliā in causā M. Cato fuit, alia ceteri, qui se in Africā Caesari tradiderunt?
Cic. Off. 1, 31, 112; so Caes. B. G. 4, 4 Herz.:(Regulus) erat in meliore causā quam, etc.,
Cic. Off. 3, 27, 100; id. Agr. 3, 2, 9 (where for causa in the foll. clause is condicio):atque in hoc genere mea causa est, ut, etc.,
id. Fam. 2, 4, 1; cf. id. ib. 9, 13, 1.—= negotium, a cause, business undertaken for any one, an employment:F.cui senatus dederat publice causam, ut mihi gratias ageret,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 73, § 170:quod nemo eorum rediisset, qui super tali causā eodem missi erant,
Nep. Paus. 4, 1.—In medic. lang., a cause for disease:G.causam metuere,
Cels. 3, 3; so Sen. Cons. ad Marc. 11 fin.; Plin. 28, 15, 61, § 218.—Hence in late Lat. for disease, Cael. Aur. Tard. 5, 10, 95; id. Acut. 2, 29, 157; Veg. 1, 25, 1; 3, 6, 11; 3, 45, 5; 4, 4, 2 al.—That which lies at the basis of a rhetorical representation, matter, subject, hupothesis, Cic. Top. 21, 79; id. Inv. 1, 6, 8; Auct. Her. 1, 11, 18; Quint. 3, 5, 7 sq. -
9 causa
1) причина, а) вообще причина чего-нибудь causam praestare, praebere mortis (1. 7. § 6. 1. 51. pr. D. 9, 2. 1. 4 § 1. 1. 15. pr. D. 48, 8), causam praestare discidii (1. 12 § 13. D. 38, 5); (Gai. I. 18. 74. 29. 32. 38. 41. 66. III. 5, erroris causae probatio, I. 67. 75. 87. II. 142);b) как причина действия человека (мотив - цель); (1. 1 § 2. D. 43, 17. 1. 1 § 5 D. 3, 1. 1. 51. pr. D. 3, 3), именно = justa causa, достаточный повод (Gai. I. 53. supra modum et sine causa in servos suos saevire, sine causa servum suum occidere); § 4-6 I. 1, 6. 1. 9. § 1 D. 26, 8. 1. 9. 11. 15. § 2-4. 1. 16. 25. D. 40, 2); (1. 15 § 2. D. 1, 7), часто также c прибавлением justa causa, напр. justae causae, cur judicium arripere nolit (1. 45 pr. D 3, 3); (1. 17. § 3 D. 22, 1); (1. 30 § 2 D. 3, 5. 1. 36. D. 40, 5); (1. 3 D. 4, 1); 1. 25 pr. D. 22, 3);
c) главное побуждение, которое вызывает какое-нибудь действие, оказывание услуг, предоставление кому-нб. имущественных выгод: иногда обоз. юридический акт, который содержит в себе эту причину; также повод, побуждающий делать завещательные или дарственные распоряжения в пользу третьих лиц (§ 31 J. 2, 20. 1. 17 § 2. 3. 1. 72 § 6 D. 35, l). - justa causa, причина, оправданная уважительными обстоятельствами, j. c. erroris = с. justi erroris, j. с. traditionis, pollicitationis etc. (1. 25. pr. D. 22, 3. 1. 31 pr. D. 41, 1. 1. 1 § 1 D. 50, 12), causa in praeteritum confertur (1. 12 D. 35, 1), (1. 194 D. 50, 16), dotis causa perpetua est (1. 1 D. 23, 3). - a) causa possessionis обознач. законное основание владения т. е. владелец должен доказать титул, на основании которого он владеет (1. 3 § 4. 19. 1. 19 § 1 D. 41, 2), sive vera sit, sive falsa (1. 5 D. 6, 2), causae acquirendi (1. 3 § 21 eod 1. 36 D. 41, 1), lucrativa causa (1. 82 pr. D. 30. 1. 19 D. 44, 7). - b) при обязательных отношениях саusa (civilis) есть внешний признак, доставляющий доказательство, что стороны действительно приняли на себя обязательство (pr. J. 1, 21), causa, ex qua certum petatur (1. 9 pr. D. 12, 1. ср. 1. 18 D. 46, 4. 1. 11 D. 50, 16), ex causa emtionis in creditum labire, обязательство, вытекающее из договора купли-продажи, превратить в обязательство из займа (1. 3 § 3 D. 14, 6);
2) заковное основание свойства, особенности предмета, causa actionis, 1. 27 D. 44, 2., ex с. adjecta petere, 1. 11 § 2. eod., c. conditionis, 1. 96 § 4 13. 46, 3., ex noxali c. agere, D. 2, 9. 3) causa после родительн. пад. обоз. цель юриди-ческого акта, напр. conditionis implendae causa dare, 1. 30 § 7 D. 35, 2, donandi, credendi, contrahendi causa, 1. 20 D. 12, 1. 1. 65 § 4 D. 36, 1. 1. 25 § 1 D. 44, 7. 1. 49 D. 46, 3. 4) дело, in publicis causis filius fam. loco patrisfam. habetur (1. 9 D. 1, 6), certarum rerum vel causarum testamento tulor dari non potest (1. 12 D. 26, 2);causa debendi, законное основание долга (1. 49 § 2 D. 15, 1). Иногда causa обоз. источник обязательств, obl. nascuntur ex variis causarum figuris (1. 1 pr. D. 44, 7). - г) в учении о кондикциях обозн. causa побудительную причину предоставления кому-нб. имущественную выгоду, в том смысле, что то, что было дано без основания, можно требовать назад (tit. D. 12, 7. D. 12, 4. D. 12, 5).
5) спор, процесс: causam agere (см. s. 9), audire (см. s. 5a);causam perorare (Gai. IV. 15).
causae suae adesse (1. 69 D. 3, 3);
causam suam prodere (1. 4 § 4 D. 3, 2);
de causis cognoscere (1. 10 D. 1, 18);
causae cognitio (см.); (1. 1 § 3 D. 3, 6);
c. existimationis (1. 103 D. 50, 16. 1. 104 D. 50, 17);
bona, mala c. (1. 63 § 2 D. 21, 2. 1. 30 D. 34, 3);
nova instrumenta causae suae reperire (1. 27 D. 44, 2);
eandem c. facit origo petitionis (1. 11 § 4 eod.);
causa cadere (см. s. 2);
causam perdere (1. 63 § 2. D. 21, 2);
causam dicere, защищаться (1. 25 § 1 D. 29, 5);
6) положение, отношение: ип pristinam c. reverti (l. 6 pr. D. 1, 8);causas dicere, orare, вести дела (1. 1. 2 § 43 D. 1, 2); отсюда causidicus, адвокат (1. 6 C. 2, 6), causidicina, должность адвоката (1. 188 C. Th. 12, 1).
pristinam c. restituere, praeteritam c. sarcire (1. 1 § 31. 1. 3 § 17. D. 43, 16), in eandem c. restituere (1, 9 § 1. eod.);
in eandem c. exhibere, sistere (1. 1 pr. § 1. D. 2, 9);
in causa redhibitionis s. in ea c. esse, ut redhiberi debeat (1. 10 § 21. 33 pr. D. 21, 1);
causa melior - deterior (1. 5 D. 2, 9. 1. 27 § 3 D. 2, 14. 1. 87 D. 50, 17), melior est c. possidentis (1. 126 § 2. 1. 128 pr. eod.);
emtoris c. eadem esse debet, quae fuit auctoris (1. 156 § 3 eod.);
c. servilis (1. 3 § 1 D. 4, 5), statuliberi (1. 2 pr. D. 40, 7), de alterius causa et facto non scire, de facti causa errare (1. 3 pr. D. 22, 6. 1. 10 D. 26, 5);
7) особ. юридическое отношение, c. proprietatis (1, 30 § 2 D. 41, 1);in c. caduci esse (см. caducus s. 2).
c. bonorum, обозначая собственность (1. 52 § 1 D. 45, 1);
extra c. bonorum defuncti computari (1. 68 D. 31); (1. 52. D. 41, 2);
o. hereditaria, наследственное отношение (1. 5 § 5 D. 36, 4), c. legati (1. 11 § 3. 1. 91 § 2 D. 30), obligationis, обязательное (1. 20 D. 24, 1);
debiti, долговое (1. 7 pr. D. 12, 4);
naturalium obligationum (1. 40 pr. D. 36, 1);
e. naturalis = obligatio nat. (1. 3 § 7 D. 2, 2);
in totam c. spondere, ручаться за все долги (1. 91 § 4 D. 45, 1); ип оmnem с. acceptus fidejussor (1. 56 § 2 D. 46, 1); ип оmnem с. conductionis se obligare (1. 54 pr. D. 19, 2);
in omnem c. emti fidem adstringere (1. 5 C. 4, 54);
omnis c. adversus rerum et fidejassorem dissoluta (1. 7 § 1 D. 2, 15);
in duriorem s. leviorem c. adhiberi, accipi, о поручителях, которые обязываются к долгу большому или меньшему, против обязательства главного должника (1. 8 § 7. 1. 34 D. 46, 1);
ex c. fidejussionis s. accessionis liberari (1. 5 D. 46, 1. 1. 95 § 3 D. 46, 3), (1. 4 § 1. D. 22, 1); in causam pignoris cadere (см. cadere s. 4);
pignoris c. perimitur (1. 1 § 2 D. 20, 1);
totius pignoris, pignorum c. (1. 6 pr. 1. 13 D. 20, 4);
pignoris causam habere, иметь право залога (1. 4 D. 42, 6);
indivisa pignoris causa (1. 55 D. 21, 2);
privilegia causae, связанные с юридическим отношением, против. priy. personae, личные преимущества (1. 196 D. 50, 17);
8) юридические свойства предмета, со всеми правами, обязанностями, доходами и убытками, tota causa fundi (1. 30 § 3 D. 32);causae magis, quam personae beneficium praestare (1. 29 D. 42 1), non causae, sed personae succurrere (1. 42, D. 26, 7).
fundus cum sua causa transit (1. 18 § 2 D. 13, 7); (1. 67 D. 18, 1. 1. 2 pr. 1. 36 D. 40, 7); если говорится о restitutio, exhibitio или praestatio omnis causae, то под causa разумеется совокупность всех доходов, которые потерял истец вследствие того, что не владел вещью (потерянная прибыль) (1. 31 pr. D. 12, 1. 1. 12 pr. D. 4, 2. 1. 20. D. 6, 1. 1. 9 § 7 D. 10, 4. 1. 1 § 24 D. 16, 3. 1. 8 § 6 D. 43, 26. 1. 35. 246 § 1 D. 50, 16);
causam s. omnem c. praestare (1. 17 § 1 D. 6, 1. 1. 2. 3 § 1. 1. 8 D. 22, 7);
9) сущность, значение, понятие: c. juris honorarii (1. 95 § 3 D. 46, juris et voluntatis (1. 77 § 12 D. 31), contractus (1. 8 pr. D. 17, 1). in causam fideicomm. et codicillorum vim prioris testam. convertere (1. 19 pr. D. 29, 1);rei causam exhibere (§ 3 J. 4, 17).
ad causam testamenti pertinere videtur id, quodcumque quasi ad testam. factum sit (1. 2 § 2 D. 29, 3. 1. 1 § 2. 6 D. 43, 5);
10) случай, de quibus causis scriptis legibus non utimur etc. (1. 32 pr. D. 1, 3);omissa causa testamenti ab intest. hereditatem possidere (tit. D. 29, 4).
in causa jus positum est (1. 52 § 2 D. 9; 2);
alia c. est si etc. (1. 29 D. 41, 2. 1. 12 § 3 D. 46, 3);
11) вид, способ, quatuor c. obligationum (1. 44 pr. 1). 44, 7 и, quatuor c. exsecutione obligationis (1. 85 pr. D. 45, 1);ex causa (смотря по обстоятельствам) succurrere (1. 11 pr. D. 44, 2).
12) определение (1. 1 § 6 D. 7, 9).c. faciendi (1. 218 D. 50, 16).
Латинско-русский словарь к источникам римского права > causa
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10 -C1306
(1) дать повод, дать основание. -
11 -C1307
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12 VINTO
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13 -F773
наделать хлопот, задать кому-л. задачу:Il sergente. — È un tipo molto reticente, signor consigliere. Mi ha dato del filo da torcere. (U. Betti, «Una bella domenica di settembre»)
Сержант. — Это очень скрытный человек, господин советник, он задал мне задачу.Pur troppo la mia intuizione non mi ha ingannata Giacomo passa dei tristissimi momenti a causa della piemontese la quale gli darà del filo a torcere. (C. Sartori, «Puccini»)
К сожалению, моя интуиция меня не обманула. Джакомо переживает тяжелые минуты из-за этой особы из Пьемонта, которая еще попортит ему немало крови.«Decisi a tutto!» interruppi io... «Ci daranno il filo da torcere... ci fregheranno ogni volta che lo vorranno».. (S. Signoroni, «Testimonianza d'accusa»)
«Они на все пойдут! — прервал я разговор... — Они еще зададут нам жару... и обведут нас вокруг пальца в любой момент, когда пожелают». -
14 -P787
дать дорогу, пропустить вперед; делать что-л. в первую очередь:Sono mortificato di non aver risposto prima d'ora al vostro... foglio, ma una farraggine di piccoli affari a cui dovetti dar passo... furono causa di questo ritardo. (G. Verdi, «Autobiografia dalle lettere»)
Я удручен тем, что до сих пор не смог ответить на ваше... письмо, но целая куча мелких дел, которые надо было довести до конца... были тому причиной. -
15 volo
1.vŏlo (2 d pers. sing. vis, orig. veis, Prisc. 9, 1, 6, p. 847 P.; 1 st pers. plur. volumus, but volimus, Plaut. Truc. 1, 2, 89 Speng.; 3 d pers. sing. volt, and 2 d pers. plur. voltis always in ante-class. writers;I.also volt,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 17, § 42; 2, 5, 49, § 128; id. Sest. 42, 90; id. Phil. 8, 9, 26; id. Par. 5, 1, 34; id. Rep. 3, 33, 45:voltis,
id. Verr. 2, 3, 53, § 122; 2, 3, 94, § 219; 2, 5, 5, § 11; 2, 3, 89, § 208; id. Clu. 30, 83; id. Rab. Perd. 12, 33; id. Sest. 30, 64; id. Par. 1, 2, 11 et saep. — Pres. subj. velim, but sometimes volim, Plaut. Merc. 1, 2, 44 Ritschl; cf. Prisc. 9, 1, 8, p. 848 P.;so volint,
Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 65 Ritschl), velle, volui ( part. fut. voliturus, Serv. ad Verg. A. 5, 712; contr. forms, vin for visne, freq. in Plaut. and Ter., also Hor. S. 1, 9, 69; Pers. 6, 63:sis for si vis,
Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 70; id. Merc. 4, 4, 37; id. Pers. 3, 3, 8; Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 20; id. Heaut. 1, 2, 38; Cic. Tusc. 2, 18, 42; id. Rosc. Am. 16, 48; id. Mil. 22, 60; Liv. 34, 32, 20:sultis for si voltis, only ante-class.,
Plaut. Stich. 1, 2, 8; id. As. prol. 1; id. Capt. 2, 3, 96; 3, 5, 9; 4, 4, 11), v. irreg. a. [Sanscr. var-; Gr. bol-, boulomai; cf. the strengthened root Wel- in eeldomai, elpomai; Germ. wollen; Engl. will], expressing any exercise of volition, and corresponding, in most cases, to the Germ. wollen; in Engl. mostly rendered, to wish, want, intend, purpose, propose, be willing, consent, mean, will, and, impersonally, it is my will, purpose, intention, plan, policy (syn.: cupio, opto; but volo properly implies a purpose).In gen.A.With object-infinitive.1.With pres. inf.a.To wish.(α).Exire ex urbe priusquam luciscat volo, Plaut. Am. 1, 3, 35:(β).potare ego hodie tecum volo,
id. Aul. 3, 6, 33:ego quoque volo esse liber: nequiquam volo,
id. Trin. 2, 4, 39; so id. ib. 2, 4, 164:ait rem seriam agere velle mecum,
Ter. Eun. 3, 3, 8:natus enim debet quicunque est velle manere In vita,
Lucr. 5, 177:video te alte spectare et velle in caelum migrare,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 34, 82:quid poetae? Nonne post mortem nobilitari volunt?
id. ib. 1, 15, 34:si innocentes existimari volumus,
id. Verr. 2, 2, 10, § 28:quoniam opinionis meae voluistis esse participes,
id. de Or. 1, 37, 172:quod eas quoque nationes adire et regiones cognoscere volebat,
Caes. B. G. 3, 7:si velit suos recipere, obsides sibi remittat,
id. ib. 3, 8 fin.:dominari illi volunt, vos liberi esse,
Sall. J. 31, 23:si haec relinquere voltis,
id. C. 58, 15:priusquam liberi estis, dominari jam in adversarios vultis,
Liv. 3, 53, 7:si quis vestrum suos invisere volt, commeatum do,
id. 21, 21, 5:non enim vincere tantum noluit, sed vinci voluit,
id. 2, 59, 2:suspitionem Caesar quibusdam reliquit, neque voluisse se diutius vivere, neque curasse,
Suet. Caes. 85:Eutrapelus cuicunque nocere volebat, Vestimenta dabat pretiosa,
Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 31.—Idiomatically: quid arbitramini Rheginos merere velle ut ab iis marmorea illa Venus auferatur? what do you think the Rhegini would take for, etc., Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 60, § 135.—(γ).Transf., of things: fabula quae posci vult et spectata reponi, a comedy which wishes (i. e. is meant) to be in demand, etc., Hor. A. P. 190:b.neque enim aut hiare semper vocalibus aut destitui temporibus volunt sermo atque epistula,
Quint. 9, 4, 20; cf. id. 8, prooem. 23.—Of the wishes of those that have a right to command, the gods, masters, parents, commanders, etc., I want, wish, will, am resolved, it is my will:c.in acdibus quid tibi meis erat negoti...? Volo scire,
Plaut. Aul. 3, 2, 14; 3, 2, 17; 3, 2, 18; 3, 6, 27; id. Curc. 4, 3, 11; id. Ep. 3, 4, 74; id. Mil. 2, 3, 74; 3, 1, 17; id. Stich. 1, 2, 56; Ter. And. 1, 2, 9; 4, 2, 17:maxima voce clamat populus, neque se uni, nec paucis velle parere,
Cic. Rep. 1, 35, 55:consuesse deos immortalis, quos pro scelere eorum ulcisci velint, etc.,
Caes. B. G. 1, 13:hic experiri vim virtutemque volo,
Liv. 23, 45, 9.—= in animo habere, to intend, purpose, mean, design:d.ac volui inicere tragulam in nostrum senem,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 4, 14:eadem quae illis voluisti facere tu, faciunt tibi,
id. Mil. 3, 1, 11; so id. Most. 2, 2, 5:puerumque clam voluit exstinguere,
Ter. Hec. 5, 1, 23:necare candem voluit,
Cic. Cael. 13, 31: quid enim ad illum qui te captare vult, utrum [p. 2005] tacentem te irretiat an loquentem? id. Ac. 2, 29, 94:hostis hostem occidere volui,
Liv. 2, 12, 9; 7, 34, 11: volui interdiu eum... occidere; volui, cum ad cenam invitavi, veneno scilicet tollere;volui... ferro interficere (ironically),
id. 40, 13, 2:tuum crimen erit, hospitem occidere voluisse,
the intention to kill your guest-friend, Val. Max. 5, 1, 3 fin.; 6, 1, 8:non enim vult mori, sed invidiam filio facere,
Quint. 9, 2, 85.—Pregn., opp. optare: non vult mori qui optat,
Sen. Ep. 117, 24:sed eo die is, cui dare volueram (epistulam), non est profectus,
Cic. Att. 9, 7, 1:cum de senectute vellem aliquid scribere,
id. Sen. 1, 2:ego te volui castigare, tu mihi accussatrix ades,
Plaut. As. 3, 1, 10:bonus volo jam ex hoc die esse,
id. Pers. 4, 3, 10:ego jam a principio amici filiam, Ita ut aequom fuerat, volui uxorem ducere,
Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 46:at etiam eo negotio M. Catonis splendorem maculare voluerunt,
it was their purpose, Cic. Sest. 28, 60:eum (tumulum) non tam capere sine certamine volebat, quam causam certaminis cum Minucio contrahere,
his plan was, Liv. 22, 28, 4.—Of things:cum lex venditionibus occurrere voluit,
when it was the purpose of the law, Dig. 46, 1, 46: sed quid ea drachuma facere vis? Ca. Restim volo Mihi emere... qui me faciam pensilem, Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 87: Ch. Revorsionem ad terram faciunt vesperi. Ni. Aurum hercle auferre voluere, id. Bacch. 2, 3, 63:si iis qui haec omnia flamma ac ferro delere voluerunt... bellum indixi, etc.,
Cic. Prov. Cons. 10, 24:(plebem) per caedem senatus vacuam rem publicam tradere Hannibali velle,
Liv. 23, 2, 7:rem Nolanam in jus dicionemque dare voluerat Poeno,
id. 23, 15, 9: qui (majores nostri) tanta cura Siculos tueri ac retinere voluerunt ut, etc., whose policy it was to protect, etc., Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 6, § 14:ut qui a principio mitis omnibus Italicis praeter Romanos videri vellet, etc.,
Liv. 23, 15, 4: idem istuc, si in vilitate largiri voluisses, derisum tuum beneficium esset, if you had offered to grant the same thing during low prices, etc., Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 92, § 215.—= studere, conari, to try, endeavor, attempt:e.quas (i. e. magnas res) qui impedire vult, is et infirmus est mobilisque natura, et, etc.,
Cic. Lael. 20, 75:nam si quando id (exordium) primum invenire volui, nullum mihi occurrit, nisi aut exile, aut, etc.,
id. Or. 2, 77, 315:de Antonio dico, numquam illum... nonnullorum de ipso suspitionem infitiando tollere voluisse,
that he never attempted to remove, id. Sest. 3, 8; id. Div. 1, 18, 35:audes Fatidicum fallere velle deum?
do you dare attempt? Ov. F. 2, 262.—To mean, of actions and expressions:f.hic respondere voluit, non lacessere,
the latter meant to answer, not to provoke, Ter. Phorm. prol. 19:non te judices urbi sed carceri reservarunt, neque to retinere in civitate, sed exilio privare voluerunt,
Cic. Att. 1, 16, 9.—So, volo dicere, I mean (lit. I intend to say):quid aliud volui dicere?
Ter. Eun. 3, 2, 51:volo autem dicere, illud homini longe optimum esse quod ipsum sit optandum per se,
Cic. Tusc. 2, 20, 46.—Often with the acc. illud or id, as a correction: Tr. Specta quam arcte dormiunt. Th. Dormiunt? Tr. Illut quidem ut conivent volui dicere, I mean how they nod, Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 145: Py. Quid? bracchium? Ar. Illud dicere volui femur, id. Mil. 1, 1, 27:adduxi volui dicere,
id. Ps. 2, 4, 21; id. Am. 1, 1, 233; 1, 1, 235; id. Cas. 2, 6, 14; id. Mil. 3, 2, 7; id. Ps. 3, 2, 54; id. Rud. 2, 4, 9.—To be going to: haec argumenta ego aedificiis dixi; nunc etiam volo docere ut homines aedium esse similes arbitremini, now I am going to show how, etc., Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 37: quando bene gessi rem, volo hic in fano supplicare, I am going to worship here, etc., id. Curc. 4, 2, 41:g.nunc quod relicuom restat volo persolvere,
id. Cist. 1, 3, 40:sustine hoc, Penicule, exuvias facere quas vovi volo,
id. Men. 1, 3, 13:sinite me prospectare ne uspiam insidiae sint, consilium quod habere volumus,
id. Mil. 3, 1, 3; id. As. 2, 2, 113; id. Cas. 4, 2, 3; id. Bacch. 1, 1, 61:si Prometheus, cum mortalibus ignem dividere vellet, ipse a vicinis carbunculos conrogaret, ridiculus videretur,
Auct. Her. 4, 6, 9:ait se velle de illis HS. LXXX. cognoscere,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 23, § 56:hinc se recipere cum vellent, rursus illi ex loco superiore nostros premebant,
Caes. B. C. 1, 45. —To be about to, on the point of: quom mittere signum Volt, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 48, 107 (Ann. v. 88 Vahl.):h.quotiens ire volo foras, retines me, rogitas quo ego eam,
Plaut. Men. 1, 2, 5:quae sese in ignem inicere voluit, prohibui,
Ter. And. 1, 1, 113:si scires aspidem latere uspiam, et velle aliquem imprudentem super eam adsidere,
Cic. Fin. 2, 18, 59; id. Div. 1, 52, 118:quod cum facere vellent, intervenit M. Manilius,
id. Rep. 1, 12, 18:qui cum opem ferre vellet, nuntiatum sibi esse aliam classem ad Aegates insulas stare,
Liv. 22, 56, 7:at Libys obstantes dum vult obvertere remos, In spatium resilire manus breve vidit,
Ov. M. 3, 676; 1, 635:P. Claudius cum proelium navale committere vellet,
Val. Max. 1, 4, 3.—Will, and in oblique discourse and questions would, the auxiliaries of the future and potential: animum advortite: Comediai nomen dari vobis volo, I will give you, etc., Plaut. Cas. prol. 30:k.sed, nisi molestum est, nomen dare vobis volo comediai,
id. Poen. prol. 50:vos ite intro. Interea ego ex hac statua verberea volo erogitare... quid sit factum,
id. Capt. 5, 1, 30:i tu atque arcessi illam: ego intus quod facto est opus volo adcurare,
id. Cas. 3, 3, 35; id. Cist. 1, 1, 113; id. Most. 1, 1, 63; id. Poen. 2, 44; id. Pers. 1, 3, 85; id. Rud. 1, 2, 33: cum vero (gemitus) nihil imminuat doloris, cur frustra turpes esse volumus? why will ( would) we be disgraceful to no purpose? Cic. Tusc. 2, 24, 57:illa enim (ars) te, verum si loqui volumus, ornaverat,
id. ib. 1, 47, 112:ergo, si vere aestimare volumus, etc.,
Val. Max. 7, 5, 6:si vere aestimare Macedonas, qui tunc erant, volumus,
Curt. 4, 16, 33:ejus me compotem facere potestis, si meminisse vultis, etc.,
Liv. 7, 40, 5:visne igitur, dum dies ista venit... interea tu ipse congredi mecum ut, etc....?
id. 8, 7, 7:volo tibi Chrysippi quoque distinctionem indicare,
Sen. Ep. 9, 14: vis tu homines urbemque feris praeponere silvis? will you prefer, etc., Hor. S. 2, 6, 92; cf. velim and vellem, would, II. A. 2.—Sometimes volui = mihi placuit, I resolved, concluded (generally, in this meaning, followed by an infinitive clause, v. I. B. 4.):1.uti tamen tuo consilio volui,
still I concluded to follow your advice, Cic. Att. 8, 3, 1.—To be willing, ready, to consent, like to do something: si sine bello velint rapta... tradere... se exercitum domum reducturum, if they were willing, would consent to, would deliver, etc., Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 52:m.is dare volt, is se aliquid posci,
likes to give, id. As. 1, 3, 29:hoc dixit, si hoc de cella concederetur, velle Siculos senatui polliceri frumentum in cellam gratis,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 87, § 200:ei laxiorem daturos, si venire ad causam dicendam vellet,
Liv. 39, 17, 2; 5, 36, 4: nemo invenitur qui pecuniam suam dividere velit. Sen. Brev. Vit. 3, 1:plerique concessam sibi sub condicione vitam si militare adversus eum vellent, recusarunt,
Suet. Caes. 68:dedere etiam se volebant, si toleranda viris imperarentur,
Flor. 1, 33 (2, 18), 12.—So with negatives, to be not willing, not to suffer, not to like, not to allow, refuse:heri nemo voluit Sostratam intro admittere,
Ter. Hec. 3, 1, 49:cum alter verum audire non vult,
Cic. Lael. 26, 98: a proximis quisque minime anteiri vult, likes least to be surpassed, etc., Liv. 6, 34, 7:nihil ex his praeter... accipere voluit,
refused to accept, Val. Max. 4, 3, 4.—To do something voluntarily or intentionally: volo facere = mea voluntate or sponte facio: si voluit accusare, pietati tribuo;n.si jussus est, necessitati,
if he accused of his own free will, I ascribe it to his filial love, Cic. Cael. 1, 2:utrum statuas voluerint tibi statuere, an coacti sint,
id. Verr. 2, 2, 65, § 157:de risu quinque sunt quae quaerantur... sitne oratoris risum velle permovere,
on purpose, id. Or. 2, 58, 235:laedere numquam velimus,
Quint. 6, 3, 28.—So, non velle with inf., to do something unwillingly, with reluctance:vivere noluit qui mori non vult,
who dies with reluctance, Sen. Ep. 30, 10.—To be of opinion, think, mean, pretend (rare with inf.; usu. with acc. and inf.; v. B. 8.):o.haec tibi scripsi ut isto ipso in genere in quo aliquid posse vis, te nihil esse cognosceres,
in which you imagine you have some influence, Cic. Fam. 7, 27, 2:in hoc homo luteus etiam callidus ac veterator esse vult, quod ita scribit, etc.,
pretends, means to be, id. Verr. 2, 3, 14, § 35: sed idem Aelius Stoicus esse voluit, orator autem nec studuit um quam, nec fuit, id. Brut. 56, 206:Pythago. ras, qui etiam ipse augur esse vellet,
id. Div. 1, 3, 5.—To like, have no objection to, approve of (cf. E. 1. sq.):2.magis eum delectat qui se ait philosophari velle sed paucis: nam omnino haud placere,
that he liked, had no objection to philosophizing, Cic. Rep. 1, 18, 30; v. also II. A.—With pres. inf. understood.a.Supplied from a preceding or subsequent clause.(α).To wish, it is his will, etc. (cf. 1. a. and b. supra):(β).nunc bene vivo et fortunate atque ut volo, i. e. vivere,
as I wish, Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 111: quod diu vivendo multa quae non volt (i. e. videre) videt, Caecil. ap. Cic. Sen. 8, 25:proinde licet quotvis vivendo condere saecla,
Lucr. 3, 1090:nec tantum proficiebam quantum volebam,
Cic. Att. 1, 17, 1:tot autem rationes attulit, ut velle (i. e. persuadere) ceteris, sibi certe persuasisse videatur,
id. Tusc. 1, 21, 49:sed liceret, si velint, in Ubiorum finibus considere,
Caes. B. G. 4, 81:quo praesidio senatus libere quae vellet decernere auderet,
id. B. C. 1, 2.—Of things:neque chorda sonum reddit quem vult manus et mens,
Hor. A. P. 348.—To choose, be pleased (freq.):(γ).tum mihi faciat quod volt magnus Juppiter,
Plaut. Aul. 4, 10, 50:id repetundi copia est, quando velis,
id. Trin. 5, 2, 7:habuit aurum quamdiu voluit,
Cic. Cael. 13, 31:rapiebat et asportabat quantum a quoque volebat Apronius,
id. Verr. 2, 3, 12, § 29:provincias quas vellet, quibus vellet, venderet?
id. Sest. 39, 84:quotiens ille tibi potestatem facturus sit ut eligas utrum velis,
id. Div. in Caecil. 14, 45:daret utrum vellet subclamatum est,
Liv. 21, 18, 14:senatus consultum factum est ut plebes praeficeret quaestioni quem vellet,
id. 4, 51, 2:saxi materiaeque caedendae unde quisque vellet jus factum,
id. 5, 55, 3; cf. id. 2, 13, 9; 5, 46, 10; 6, 25, 5; 22, 10, 23; 23, 6, 2; 23, 15, 15; 23, 45, 10; 23, 47, 2;26, 21, 11: vicem suam conquestus, quod sibi soli non liceret amicis, quatenus vellet, irasci,
Suet. Aug. 66:at tu quantum vis tolle,
Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 16.—To intend, it is my purpose, etc. (v. 1. c. supra):(δ).sine me pervenire quo volo,
let me come to my point, Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 44:scripsi igitur Aristotelio more, quemadmodum quidem volui, tres libros... de Oratore,
as I intended, Cic. Fam. 1, 9, 23:ut meliore condicione quam qua ipse vult imitetur homines eos qui, etc.,
id. Div. in Caecil. 8, 25:ego istos posse vincere scio, velle ne scirem ipsi fecerunt,
Liv. 2, 45, 12. —To be willing, to consent, I will (v. 1. h. and l. supra): tu eum orato... St. Sane volo, yes, I will, Plaut. Cas. 2, 3, 57:(ε).jube me vinciri. Volo, dum istic itidem vinciatur,
id. Capt. 3, 4, 75:patri dic velle (i. e. uxorem ducere),
that you consent, are willing, Ter. And. 2, 3, 20 (cf.: si vis, II. A. 2, and sis, supra init.).—To do something voluntarily (v. 1. m. supra):b.tu selige tantum, Me quoque velle velis, anne coactus amem,
Ov. Am. 3, 11, 50.—With ellipsis of inf.(α).Volo, with a designation of place, = ire volo:(β).nos in Formiano morabamur, quo citius audiremus: deinde Arpinum volebamus,
I intended to go to Arpinum, Cic. Att. 9, 1, 3:volo mensi Quinctili in Graeciam,
id. ib. 14, 7, 2:hactenus Vitellius voluerat (i. e. procedere),
Tac. A. 12, 42 fin. —With other omissions, supplied from context: volo Dolabellae valde desideranti, non reperio quid (i. e. to dedicate some writing to him), Cic. Att. 13, 13, 2.—(γ).In mal. part., Plaut. Aul. 2, 4, 7; Ov. Am. 2, 4, 16; 2. 19, 2; Prop. 1, 13, 36.—3.With perfect infinitive active (rare).a.In negative imperative sentences dependent on ne velis, ne velit (in oblique discourse also ne vellet), where ne velis has the force of noli. The perfect infinitive emphatically represents the action as completed (ante-class. and poet.).(α).In ancient ordinances of the Senate and of the higher officers (not in laws proper): NEIQVIS EORVM BACANAL HABVISE VELET... BACAS VIR NEQVIS ADIESE VELET CEIVIS ROMANVS... NEVE PECVNIAM QVISQVAM EORVM COMOINEM HABVISE VELET... NEVE... QVIQVAM FECISE VELET. NEVE INTER SED CONIOVRASE, NEVE COMVOVISE NEVE CONSPONDISE, etc., S. C. de Bacch. 4-13 ap. Wordsworth, Fragm. and Spec. p. 172.—So, in quoting such ordinances: per totam Italiam edicta mitti ne quis qui Bacchis initiatus esset, coisse aut convenisse causa sacrorum velit. [p. 2006] neu quid talis rei divinae fecisse, Liv. 39, 14, 8:(β).edixerunt ne quis quid fugae causa vendidisse neve emisse vellet,
id. 39, 17, 3. —In imitation of official edicts: (vilicus) ne quid emisse velit insciente domino, neu quid domino celasse velit, the overseer must not buy any thing, etc., Cato, R. R. 5, 4:b.interdico, ne extulisse extra aedis puerum usquam velis,
Ter. Hec. 4, 1, 48:oscula praecipue nulla dedisse velis (= noli dare),
Ov. Am. 1, 4, 38:ne quis humasse velit Ajacem, Atride, vetas? Cur?
Hor. S. 2, 3, 187.—In affirmative sentences, implying command (in any mood or tense; mostly poet.): neminem nota strenui aut ignavi militis notasse volui, I have decided to mark no one, etc., Liv. 24, 16, 11: quia pepercisse vobis volunt, committere vos cur pereatis non patiuntur, because they have decided to spare you, etc., id. 32, 21, 33:c.sunt delicta tamen quibus ignovisse velimus (= volumus),
which should be pardoned, Hor. A. P. 347.—To represent the will as referring to a completed action.(α).In optative sentences with vellem or velim, v. II. B. 5. b. a, and II. C. 1. b.—(β).In other sentences ( poet. and post-class.): ex omnibus praediis ex quibus non hac mente recedimus ut omisisse possessionem velimus, with the will to abandon (omittere would denote the purpose to give up at some future time), Dig. 43, 16, 1, § 25; so,B.an erit qui velle recuset Os populi meruisse?
Pers. 1, 41:qui me volet incurvasse querela,
id. 1, 91.With acc. and inf.1.To wish (v. A. 1. a.).a.With a different subject: hoc volo scire te: Perditus sum miser, I wish you to know, etc., Plaut. Curc. 1, 2, 46:b.deos volo consilia vostra vobis recte vortere,
id. Trin. 5, 2, 31:emere oportet quem tibi oboedire velis,
id. Pers. 2, 4, 2:scin' quid nunc te facere volo?
Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 85:si perpetuam vis esse adfinitatem hanc,
id. Hec. 2, 2, 10:consul ille egit eas res quarum me participem esse voluit,
Cic. Prov. Cons. 17, 41:vim volumus exstingui: jus valeat necesse est,
id. Sest. 42, 92:nec mihi hunc errorem extorqueri volo,
id. Sen. 23, 85:hoc te scire volui,
id. Att. 7, 18, 4:harum causarum fuit justissima quod Germanos suis quoque rebus timere voluit,
Caes. B. G. 4, 16:ut equites qui salvam esse rempublicam vellent ex equis desilirent,
Liv. 4, 38, 2:si me vivere vis recteque videre valentem,
Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 3:si vis me flere, dolendum est Primum ipsi tibi,
id. A. P. 102.—With pass. inf. impers.:regnari tamen omnes volebant,
that there should be a king, Liv. 1, 17, 3:mihi volo ignosci,
I wish to be pardoned, Cic. Or. 1, 28, 130:volt sibi quisque credi,
Liv. 22, 22, 14. —With the same subject.(α).With inf. act.:(β).quae mihi est spes qua me vivere velim,
what hope have I, that I should wish to live? Plaut. Rud. 1, 3, 33:volo me placere Philolachi,
id. Most. 1, 3, 11; cf. id. Trin. 2, 2, 47; id. Rud. 2, 6, 1:judicem esse me, non doctorem volo,
Cic. Or. 33, 117:vult, credo, se esse carum suis,
id. Sen. 20, 73; so id. Off. 1, 31, 113; id. de Or. 1, 24, 112; 2, 23, 95. —With inf. pass.:2.quod certiorem te vis fieri quo quisque in me animo sit,
Cic. Att. 11, 13, 1; cf. id. Fam. 1, 9, 18:qui se ex his minus timidos existimari volebant,
Caes. B. G. 1, 39; cf. id. B. C. 2, 29:religionis se causa... Bacchis initiari velle,
Liv. 39, 10, 2:Agrippae se nepotem neque credi neque dici volebat,
Suet. Calig. 22 fin. —Of the will of superiors, gods, etc. (cf. A. 1. b. supra), I want, it is my will:3.me absente neminem volo intromitti,
Plaut. Aul. 1, 3, 21:viros nostros quibus tu voluisti esse nos matres familias,
id. Stich. 1, 2, 41; id. Most. 1, 4, 2; id. Rud. 4, 5, 9; id. Trin. 1, 2, 1:pater illum alterum (filium) secum omni tempore volebat esse,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 15, 42:(deus) quinque reliquis motibus orbem esse voluit expertem,
id. Univ. 10; cf. id. Sest. 69, 147; id. Verr. 2, 4, 25, § 57; 1, 5, 14:causa mittendi fuit quod iter per Alpes... patefieri volebat,
Caes. B. G. 3, 1; cf. id. ib. 5, 9; id. B. C. 1, 4:quippe (senatus) foedum hominem a republica procul esse volebat,
Sall. C. 19, 2:nec (di) patefieri (crimina) ut impunita essent, sed ut vindicarentur voluerunt,
Liv. 39, 16, 11; cf. id. 1, 56, 3; 2, 28, 5; 25, 32, 6:senatus... Romano sanguini pudicitiam tutam esse voluit,
Val. Max. 6, 1, 9; cf. id. 6, 9, 2.—So in the historians: quid fieri vellet (velit), after a verbum imperandi or declarandi, he gave his orders, explained his will:quid fieri velit praecipit,
Caes. B. G. 5, 56:ibi quid fieri vellet imperabat,
id. ib. 7, 16:quid fieri vellet ostendit,
id. ib. 7, 27:quae fieri vellet edocuit,
id. B. C. 3, 108; cf. id. B. G. 7, 45; id. B. C. 3, 78; 3, 89:quid fieri vellet edixit,
Curt. 8, 10, 30; 4, 13, 24; Val. Max. 7, 4, 2.— Frequently majores voluerunt, it was the will of our ancestors, referring to ancient customs and institutions:sacra Cereris summa majores nostri religione confici caerimoniaque voluerunt,
Cic. Balb. 24, 55: majores vestri ne vos quidem temere coire voluerunt, cf. id. ib. 17, 39; 23, 54; id. Agr. 2, 11, 26; id. Fl. 7, 15; id. Imp. Pomp. 13, 39; id. Div. 1, 45, 103; id. Font. 24, 30 (10, 20); id. Rosc. Am. 25, 70.—Of testamentary dispositions: cum Titius, heres meus, mortuus erit, volo hereditatem meam ad P. Mevium pertinere, Gai Inst. 2, 277. Except in the institution of the first heir: at illa (institutio) non est comprobata: Titum heredem esse volo, Gai Inst. 2, 117. —Of the intention of a writer, etc., to want, to mean, intend:4.Asinariam volt esse (nomen fabulae) si per vos licet,
Plaut. As. prol. 12:Plautus hanc mihi gnatam esse voluit Inopiam,
has wanted Poverty to be my daughter, made her my daughter, id. Trin. prol. 9:primumdum huic esse nomen Diphilus Cyrenas voluit,
id. Rud. prol. 33:quae ipsi qui scripserunt voluerunt vulgo intellegi,
meant to be understood by all, Cic. Or. 2, 14, 60:si non hoc intellegi volumus,
id. Fat. 18, 41:quale intellegi vult Cicero cum dicit orationem suam coepisse canescere,
Quint. 11, 1, 31; so id. 9, 4, 82; 9, 3, 9:quamquam illi (Prometheo) quoque ferreum anulum dedit antiquitas vinculumque id, non gestamen, intellegi voluit,
Plin. 33, 1, 4, § 8.—To resolve:5.Siculi... me defensorem calamitatum suarum... esse voluerunt,
Cic. Div. in Caecil. 4, 11:si a me causam hanc vos (judices) agi volueritis,
if you resolve, id. ib. 8, 25:senatus te voluit mihi nummos, me tibi frumentum dare,
id. Verr. 2, 3, 85, § 196:qua (statua) abjecta, basim tamen in foro manere voluerunt,
id. ib. 2, 2, 66, §160: liberam debere esse Galliam quam (senatus) suis legibus uti voluisset,
Caes. B. G. 1, 45:tu Macedonas tibi voluisti genua ponere, venerarique te ut deum,
Curt. 8 (7), 13.— Hence,To order, command: erus meus tibi me salutem multam voluit dicere, has ordered me, etc., Plaut. Ps. 4, 2, 25:6.montem quem a Labieno occupari voluerit,
which he had ordered to be occupied, Caes. B. G. 1, 22:ibi futuros esse Helvetios ubi eos Caesar... esse voluisset,
id. ib. 1, 13 (for velitis jubeatis with inf.-clause, v. II. B. 5. d.).—To consent, allow (cf. A. 1. I.):7.obtinuere ut (tribuni) tribuniciae potestatis vires salubres vellent reipublicae esse,
they prevailed upon them to permit the tribunitian power to be wholesome to the republic, Liv. 2, 44, 5:Hiero tutores... puero reliquit quos precatus est moriens ut juvenum suis potissimum vestigiis insistere vellent,
id. 24, 4, 5:petere ut eum... publicae etiam curae ac velut tutelae vellent esse (i. e. senatus),
id. 42, 19, 5:orare tribunos ut uno animo cum consulibus bellum ab urbe ac moenibus propulsari vellent,
id. 3, 69, 5:quam superesse causam Romanis cur non... incolumis Syracusas esse velint?
id. 25, 28, 8:si alter ex heredibus voluerit rem a legatario possideri, alter non, ei qui noluit interdictum competet,
Dig. 43, 3, 1, § 15.—So negatively = not to let, not to suffer:cum P. Attio agebant ne sua pertinacia omnium fortunas perturbari vellet,
Caes. B. C. 2, 36.—To be of opinion that something should be, to require, demand:8.voluisti enim in suo genere unumquemque... esse Roscium,
Cic. Or. 1, 61, 258: eos exercitus quos contra se multos jam annos aluerint velle dimitti, he demanded the disbanding of, etc., Caes. B. C. 1, 85:(Cicero) vult esse auctoritatem in verbis,
Quint. 8, 3, 43:vult esse Celsus aliquam et superiorem compositionem,
id. 9, 4, 137:si tantum irasci vis sapientem quantum scelerum indignitas exigit,
Sen. Ira, 2, 9, 4. —To be of opinion that something is or was, = censere, dicere, but implying that the opinion is erroneous or doubtful, usu. in the third pers., sometimes in the second.(α).To imagine, consider:(β).est genus hominum qui esse se primos omnium rerum volunt, Nec sunt,
Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 17:semper auget adsentator id quod is cujus ad voluntatem dicitur vult esse magnum,
Cic. Lael. 26, 98:si quis patricius, si quis—quod illi volunt invidiosius esse—Claudius diceret,
Liv. 6, 40, 13.—To be of opinion, to hold:(γ).vultis, opinor, nihil esse... in natura praeter ignem,
Cic. N. D. 3, 14, 36:volunt illi omnes... eadem condicione nasci,
id. Div. 2, 44, 93:vultis evenire omnia fato,
id. ib. 2, 9, 24:alteri censent, etc., alteri volunt a rebus fatum omne relegari,
id. Fat. 19, 45:vultis a dis immortalibus hominibus dispertiri somnia,
id. N. D. 3, 39, 93; id. Tusc. 1, 10, 20; id. Fin. 3, 11, 36; id. Rep. 2, 26, 48:volunt quidam... iram in pectore moveri effervescente circa cor sanguine,
Sen. Ira, 2, 19, 3.—To say, assert:(δ).si tam familiaris erat Clodiae quam tu esse vis,
as you say he is, Cic. Cael. 21, 53:sit sane tanta quanta tu illam esse vis,
id. Or. 1, 55, 23:ad pastum et ad procreandi voluptatem hoc divinum animal procreatum esse voluerunt: quo nihil mihi videtur esse absurdius,
id. Fin. 2, 13, 40; 2, 17, 55; 2, 42, 131; 2, 46, 142; id. Fat. 18, 41.—With perf. inf.:Rhodi ego non fui: me vult fuisse,
Cic. Planc. 34, 84.—To pretend, with perf. inf., both subjects denoting the same person:(ε).unde homines dum se falso terrore coacti Effugisse volunt, etc.,
Lucr. 3, 69 (cf. A. 1. n. supra).—To mean, with perf. inf.:(ζ).utrum scientem vultis contra foedera fecisse, an inscientem?
Cic. Balb. 5, 13.— With pres. inf.:quam primum istud, quod esse vis?
what do you mean by as soon as possible? Sen. Ep. 117, 24.—Rarely in the first pers., implying that the opinion is open to discussion:9.ut et mihi, quae ego vellem non esse oratoris, concederes,
what according to my opinion is not the orator's province, Cic. Or. 1, 17, 74.—In partic.a.With things as subjects.(α).Things personified:(β).ne res publica quidem haec pro se suscipi volet,
would have such things done for it, Cic. Off. 1, 45, 159:cui tacere grave sit, quod homini facillimum voluerit esse natura,
which nature willed should be easiest for man, Curt. 4, 6, 6: fortuna Q. Metellum... nasci in urbe terrarum principe voluit, fate ordained that, etc., Val. Max. 7, 1, 1: nihil rerum ipsa natura voluit magnum effici cito, it is the law of nature that, etc., Quint. 10, 3, 4:quid non ingenio voluit natura licere?
what license did nature refuse to genius? Mart. 8, 68, 9:me sine, quem semper voluit fortuna jacere,
Prop. 1, 6, 25:hanc me militiam fata subire volunt,
id. 1, 6, 30.—Of laws, to provide:b.duodecim tabulae nocturnum furem... interfici impune voluerunt,
Cic. Mil. 3, 9:lex duodecim tabularum tignum aedibus junctum... solvi prohibuit, pretiumque ejus dari voluit,
Dig. 46, 3, 98, § 8 fin. (cf. Cic. Div. in Caecil. 6, 21, b. a, infra).—With perf. pass. inf., to represent a state or result wished for.(α).The inf. being in full, with esse expressed: si umquam quemquam di immortales voluere esse auxilio adjutum, tum me et Calidorum servatum volunt, if it ever was the will of the gods that any one should be assisted, etc., Plaut. Ps. 4, 1, 1: Corinthum patres vestri, totius Graeciae lumen, exstinctum esse voluerunt, it was their will that Corinth should be ( and remain) destroyed, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 5, 11:(β).nostri... leges et jura tecta esse voluerunt,
id. Or. 1, 59, 253:propter eam partem epistulae tuae per quam te et mores tuos purgatos et probatos esse voluisti,
id. Att. 1, 17, 7; id. Fin. 4, 27, 76; id. de Or. 1, 51, 221:daturum se operam ne cujus suorum popularium mutatam secum fortunam esse vellent,
Liv. 21, 45, 6: for velle redundant in this construction, v. II. A. 2. 3. infra.—With pass. inf. impers.:sociis maxime lex consultum esse vult,
Cic. Div. in Caecil. 6, 21.—With ellips. of esse (cf. Quint. 9, 3, 9): perdis me tuis dictis. Cu. Imo, servo et servatum volo, and mean that you should remain saved, Plaut. Curc. 2, 3, 56:c.aunt qui volum te conventam,
who want to see you, id. Cist. 4, 2, 39:eidem homini, si quid recte cura tum velis, mandes,
if you want to have anything done well, id. As. 1, 1, 106:sed etiam est paucis vos quod monitos voluerim,
id. Capt. prol. 53: id nunc res indicium haeo [p. 2007] facit, quo pacto factum volueris, this shows now why you wished this to be done, Ter. Hec. 4, 1, 31 (cf. Plaut. Stich. 4, 2, 33; id. Aul. 3, 5, 30, II. B. 1, b, and II. B. 3. b. infra): domestica cura te levatum volo, I wish to see you relieved, etc., Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 9, 3:nulla sedes quo concurrant qui rem publicam defensam velint,
id. Att. 8, 3, 4:rex celatum voluerat (i. e. donum),
id. Verr. 2, 4, 28, § 64:Hannibal non Capuam neglectam, neque desertos volebat socios,
Liv. 25, 20, 5; 2, 15, 2; 2, 44, 3; 3, 21, 4; 22, 7, 4;26, 31, 6: contemptum hominis quem destructum volebat,
Quint. 8, 3, 21:si te non emptam vellet, emendus erat,
Ov. Am. 1, 8, 34 (so with velle redundant, v. II. A. 1. d., and II. A. 3. infra).—Both subjects denoting the same person:velle Pompeium se Caesari purgatum,
Caes. B. C. 1, 8.— Esp., with pass. inf. impers.: alicui consultum velle, to take care for or advocate somebody's interests:liberis consultum volumus propter ipsos,
Cic. Fin. 3, 17, 57:obliviscere illum aliquando adversario tuo voluisse consultum,
id. Att. 16, 16 C, 10:quibus tribuni plebis nunc consultum repente volunt,
Liv. 5, 5, 3; so id. 25, 25, 17:quamquam senatus subventum voluit heredibus,
Dig. 36, 1, 1, § 4; so with dep. part., used passively:volo amori ejus obsecutum,
Plaut. As. 1, 1, 63.—With predic. adj., without copula.(α).The subjects being different (mostly aliquem salvum velle):(β).si me vivum vis, pater, Ignosce,
if you wish me to live, Ter. Heaut. 5, 5, 7:ille, si me alienus adfinem volet, Tacebit,
id. Phorm. 4, 1, 16:ut tu illam salvam magis velis quam ego,
id. Hec. 2, 2, 17; 3, 5, 14:quoniam ex tota provincia soli sunt qui te salvum velint,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 67, § 150:irent secum extemplo qui rempublicam salvam vellent,
Liv. 22, 53, 7.—Both subjects denoting the same person (virtually = object infinitive):d.in occulto jacebis quom te maxime clarum voles (= clarus esse voles),
when you will most wish to be famous, Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 38:volo me patris mei similem,
I wish to be like my father, id. As. 1, 1, 54: ut iste qui se vult dicacem et mehercule est, Appius, who means to be witty, etc., Cic. Or. 2, 60, 246:qui vero se populares volunt,
who mean to be popular, id. Off. 2, 22, 78:ut integrum se salvumque velit,
id. Fin. 2, 11, 33:ut (omne animal) se et salvum in suo genere incolumeque vellet,
id. ib. 4, 8, 19. —With an inf.-clause understood.(α).Velle, to wish: utinam hinc abierit in malam crucem! Ad. Ita nos velle aequom est (ita = eum abire, etc.), Plaut. Poen. 4, 1, 5:(β).stulta es, soror, magis quam volo (i.e. te esse),
id. Pers. 4, 4, 78; id. Trin. 1, 2, 8; 2, 4, 175; id. Stich. 1, 1, 13; id. Ps. 1, 5, 55:senatum non quod sentiret, sed quod ego vellem decernere,
Cic. Mil. 5, 12:neque enim facile est ut irascatur cui tu velis judex (= cui tu eum irasci velis),
id. Or. 2, 45, 190; cf. id. Sest. 38, 82.—Referring to the will of superiors, etc.:(γ).deos credo voluisse, nam ni vellent, non fieret,
Plaut. Aul. 4, 10, 46: jamne abeo? St. Volo (sc. te abire), so I will, id. Cas. 2, 8, 57; cf. id. Mil. 4, 6, 12; id. Merc. 2, 3, 33.—To mean, intend (v. B. 3.):(δ).acutum etiam illud est cum ex alterius oratione aliud atque ille vult (sc. te excipere),
Cic. Or. 2, 67, 273.—To require, demand (v B. 7.):(ε).veremur quidem vos, Romani, et, si ita vultis, etiam timemus,
Liv. 39, 37, 17;and of things as subjects: cadentque vocabula, si volet usus (i. e. ea cadere),
Hor. A. P. 71.—To be of opinion, will have (v. B. 8.):(ζ).ergo ego, inimicus, si ita vultis, homini, amicus esse rei publicae debeo,
Cic. Prov. Cons. 8, 19:nam illi regi tolerabili, aut, si voltis, etiam amabili, Cyro,
id. Rep. 1, 28, 44; id. Fin. 2, 27, 89; 3, 4, 12; id. Cael. 21, 53; Liv. 21, 10, 7; Quint. 2, 17, 41.—With ellips. of predic. inf. (v. A. 2. b.): cras de reliquiis nos volo (i. e. cenare), it is my intention that we dine, etc., Plaut. Stich. 3, 2, 40:C.volo Varronem (i. e. hos libros habere),
Cic. Att. 13, 25, 3.With ut, ne, or ut ne.1.With ut.a.To wish:b.volo ut quod jubebo facias,
Plaut. Bacch. 4, 8, 65:quia enim id maxime volo ut illi istac confugiant,
id. Most. 5, 1, 49:ut mihi aedes aliquas conducat volo,
id. Merc. 3, 2, 17: hoc prius volo meam rem agere. Th. Quid id est? Ph. Ut mihi hanc despondeas, id. Curc. 5, 2, 71: quid vis, nisi ut maneat Phanium? Ter. Phorm. 2, 2, 8:velim ut tibi amicus sit,
Cic. Att. 10, 16, 1:quare id quoque velim... ut sit qui utamur,
id. ib. 11, 11, 2:maxime vellem, judices, ut P. Sulla... modestiae fructum aliquem percipere potuisset,
id. Sull. 1, 1:equidem vellem uti pedes haberent (res tuae),
id. Fam. 7, 33, 2:his ut sit digna puella volo,
Mart. 11, 27, 14.—Both subjects denoting the same person: volueram, inquit, ut quam plurimum tecum essem, Brut. ap. Cic. Att. 13, 38, 1.—It is the will of, to want, ordain (v. B. 2.):c.at ego deos credo voluisse ut apud te me in nervo enicem,
Plaut. Aul. 4, 10, 17: numquid me vis? Le. Ut valeas, id. Cist. 1, 1, 120: numquid vis? Ps. Dormitum ut abeas, id. Ps. 2, 2, 70:volo ut mihi respondeas,
Cic. Vatin. 6, 14; 7, 17; 7, 18; 9, 21;12, 29: nuntia Romanis, caelestes ita velle ut mea Roma caput orbis terrarum sit,
Liv. 1, 16, 7.—To intend, it is the purpose, aim, etc., the two subjects being the same:d.id quaerunt, volunt haec ut infecta faciant,
Plaut. Cas. 4, 4, 9.—With other verbs:2.quod peto et volo parentes meos ut commonstres mihi,
Ter. Heaut. 5, 4, 4:quasi vero aut populus Romanus hoc voluerit, aut senatus tibi hoc mandaverit ut... privares,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 19, § 48;with opto,
id. Imp. Pomp. 16, 48;with laboro,
Liv. 42, 14, 3;with aequum censere,
id. 39, 19, 7.—With ne:3.at ne videas velim,
Plaut. Rud. 4, 4, 23:quid nunc vis? ut opperiare hos sex dies saltem modo, ne illam vendas, neu me perdas, etc.,
id. Ps. 1, 3, 102:credibile est hoc voluisse legumlatorem, ne auxilia liberorum innocentibus deessent,
intended, Quint. 7, 1, 56.—With ut ne: quid nunc tibi vis? Mi. Ut quae te cupit, eam ne spernas, Plaut. Mil. 4, 2, 60.D.With subjunct. of dependent verb (mostly ante-class.; class. and freq. with velim and vellem; but in Cic. mostly epistolary and colloquial).1.To wish:2.ergo animum advortas volo,
Plaut. Capt. 2, 3, 23; 2, 3, 28; 2, 3, 70:volo amet me patrem,
id. As. 1, 1, 63 dub.:hoc volo agatis,
id. Cist. 1, 1, 83:ducas volo hodie uxorem,
Ter. And. 2, 3, 14:quid vis faciam?
Plaut. Merc. 1, 2, 49; Ter. Eun. 5, 8, 24; Plaut. Mil. 2, 3, 64; 2, 3, 65; 2, 6, 65; 3, 3, 3; id. Ps. 4, 1, 17; 4, 7, 19; id. Cas. 2, 3, 56; id. Capt. 1, 2, 12; id. Poen. 3, 2, 16; id. Pers. 2, 4, 23; id. Rud. 5, 2, 45; 5, 3, 58; id. Stich. 5, 2, 21; Ter. Heaut. 4, 6, 14:volo etiam exquiras quam diligentissime poteris quid Lentulus agat?
Cic. Att. 8, 12, 6:Othonem vincas volo,
id. ib. 13, 29, 2:eas litteras volo habeas,
id. ib. 13, 32, 3:visne igitur videamus quidnam sit, etc.,
id. Rep. 1, 10, 15: visne igitur descendatur ad Lirim? id. Fragm. ap. Macr. S. 6, 4:volo, inquis, sciat,
Sen. Ben. 2, 10, 2.—To be of opinion that something should be, demand, require (v. B. 7.): volo enim se efferat in adulescentia fecunditas, I like to see, etc., Cic. Or. 2, 21, 88:3.volo hoc oratori contingat ut, etc.,
id. Brut. 84, 290.—With subj.-clause understood:E.abi atque obsona, propera! sed lepide volo (i. e. obsones),
Plaut. Cas. 2, 8, 55.With object nouns, etc.1.With acc. of a thing.a.With a noun, to want, wish for, like to have:b.voltisne olivas, aut pulmentum, aut capparim?
Plaut. Curc. 1, 1, 90:animo male est: aquam velim,
id. Am. 5, 1, 6:quia videt me suam amicitiam velle,
id. Aul. 2, 3, 68; so,gratiam tuam,
id. Curc. 2, 3, 52; 2, 3, 56:aquam,
id. ib. 2, 3, 34:discidium,
Ter. And. 4, 2, 14: nullam ego rem umquam in vita mea Volui quin tu in ea re mihi advorsatrix fueris, I never had any wish in my life, etc., id. Heaut. 5, 3, 5: (dixit) velle Hispaniam, he wanted Spain, i. e. as a province, Cic. Att. 12, 7, 1:mihi frumento non opus est: nummos volo,
I want the money, id. Verr. 2, 3, 85, § 196:non poterat scilicet negare se velle pacem,
id. Att. 15, 1 a, 3; cf. id. ib. 13, 32, 2 (v. II. C. 4. infra):si amplius obsidum (= plures obsides) vellet, dare pollicentur,
Caes. B. G. 6, 9 fin.:pacem etiam qui vincere possunt, volunt,
Liv. 7, 40, 18:ferunt (eum)... honestum finem voluisse,
Tac. A. 6, 26:cum Scipio veram vellet et sine exceptione victoriam,
Flor. 1, 33 (2, 18), 12:mensae munera si voles secundae, Marcentes tibi porrigentur uvae,
Mart. 5, 78, 11.—Neutr. adjj., denoting things, substantively used: utrum vis opta, dum licet. La. Neutrum volo, Plaut. Ps. 3, 6, 16:c.quorum isti neutrum volunt,
acknowledge neither, Cic. Fat. 12, 28:voluimus quaedam, contendimus... Obtenta non sunt,
we aspired to certain things, id. Balb. 27, 61:restat ut omnes unum velint,
hold one opinion, id. Marcell. 10, 32:si plura velim,
if I wished for more, Hor. C. 3, 16, 38:per quod probemus aliud legislatorem voluisse,
that the law-giver intended something different, Quint. 7, 6, 8:ut putent, aliud quosdam dicere, aliud velle,
that they say one thing and mean another, id. 9, 2, 85:utrum is qui scripsit... voluerit,
which of the two was meant by the author, id. 7, 9, 15:ut nemo contra id quod vult dicit, ita potest melius aliquid velle quam dicit,
mean better than he speaks, id. 9, 2, 89:quis enim pudor omnia velle?
to desire every thing, Mart. 12, 94, 11.—With neutr. demonstr. expressed or understood, to want, intend, aim at, like, will:d.immo faenus: id primum volo,
Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 64:proximum quod sit bono... id volo,
id. Capt. 2, 2, 22:nisi ea quae tu vis volo,
unless my purpose is the same as yours, id. Ep. 2, 2, 82:siquidem id sapere'st, velle te id quod non potest contingere,
Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 83:hoc (i. e. otium cum dignitate) qui volunt omnes optimates putantur,
who aim at this, Cic. Sest. 45, 98:privatum oportet in re publica ea velle quae tranquilla et honesta sint,
id. Off. 1, 34, 124:quid est sapientia? Semper idem velle atque idem nolle,
Sen. Ep. 20, 5:pudebit eadem velle quae volueras puer,
id. ib. 27, 2:nec volo quod cruciat, nec volo quod satiat,
Mart. 1, 57, 4.—With demonstr. in place of inf.-clause:hoc Ithacus velit, et magno mercentur Atridae (sc. poenas in me sumi),
Verg. A. 2, 104:hoc velit Eurystheus, velit hoc germana Tonantis (sc. verum esse, Herculem, etc.),
Ov. H. 9, 7; Hor. S. 2, 3, 88.—With neutr. of interrog. pron.: quid nunc vis? Am. Sceleste, at etiam quid velim, id tu me rogas? what do you want now? Plaut. Am. 4, 2, 5:e.eloquere quid velis,
id. Cas. 2, 4, 2: heus tu! Si. Quid vis? id. Ps. 4, 7, 21; so Ter. Eun. 2, 1, 11; cf. Hor. S. 2, 3, 152:sed plane quid velit nescio,
what his intentions are, Cic. Att. 15, 1 a, 5; id. de Or. 2, 20, 84:mittunt etiam ad dominos qui quaerant quid velint,
to ask for their orders, id. Tusc. 2, 17, 41:quid? Si haec... ipsius amici judicarunt? Quid amplius vultis?
what more do you require, will you have? id. Verr. 2, 3, 65, § 152:quid amplius vis?
Hor. Epod. 17, 30:spectatur quid voluerit scriptor,
we find out the author's intention, Quint. 7, 10, 1.—Sometimes quid vult = quid sibi vult (v. 4. b.), to mean, signify:capram illam suspicor jam invenisse... quid voluerit,
what it signified, Plaut. Merc. 2, 1, 30:sed tamen intellego quid velit,
Cic. Fin. 2, 31, 101:quid autem volunt ea di immortales significantes quae sine interpretibus non possimus intellegere? etc.,
id. Div. 2, 25, 54.—Of things as subjects:hunc ensem mittit tibi... Et jubet ex merito scire quid iste velit,
Ov. H. 11, 96.—With rel. pron.:f.quod volui, ut volui, impetravi... a Philocomasio,
Plaut. Mil. 4, 5, 1:ut quod frons velit oculi sciant,
that the eyes know what the forehead wants, id. Aul. 4, 1, 13:illi quae volo concedere,
to yield to him my wishes, id. Cas. 2, 3, 49:si illud quod volumus dicitur,
what we like, id. Truc. 1, 2, 95:multa eveniunt homini quae volt, quae nevolt,
id. Trin. 2, 2, 84; id. Ep. 2, 2, 4:quamquam (litterae tuae) semper aliquid adferunt quod velim,
Cic. Att. 11, 11, 1:quae vellem quaeque sentirem dicendi,
id. Marcell. 1, 1:uti ea quae vellent impetrarent,
Caes. B. G. 1, 31:satis animi ad id quod tam diu vellent,
to carry out what they had desired so long, Liv. 4, 54, 5:sed quod volebant non... expediebant,
their purpose, id. 24, 23, 9. —Idiomatically: quod volo = quod demonstrare volo, what I intend to prove:illud quod volumus expressum est, ut vaticinari furor vera soleat,
Cic. Div. 1, 31, 67:bis sumpsit quod voluit,
he has twice begged the question, id. ib. 2, 52, 107.—With indef. relations:cornucopia ubi inest quidquid volo,
whatever I wish for, Plaut. Ps. 2, 3, 5:Caesar de Bruto solitus est dicere: magni refert hic quid velit, sed quidquid volt, valde volt,
whatever he wills he wills strongly, Cic. Att. 14, 1, 2.—With indef. pronn.(α).Si quid vis, if you want any thing: illo praesente mecum agito si quid voles, [p. 2008] Plaut. Most. 5, 1, 72: Py. Adeat si quid volt. Pa. Si quid vis, adi, mulier, id. Mil. 4, 2, 47:(β).eumque Alexander cum rogaret, si quid vellet, ut diceret,
id. Or. 2, 66, 266; Caes. B. G. 1, 7 fin. —Nisi quid vis, unless you wish to give some order, to make some remark, etc.:(γ).ego eo ad forum nisi quid vis,
Plaut. As. 1, 1, 94:nunc de ratione videamus, nisi quid vis ad haec,
Cic. Tusc. 2, 18, 42.—Numquid vis or ecquid vis? have you any orders to give? a formula used by inferiors before leaving their superiors; cf. Don. ad Ter. Ad. 2, 2, 39:2.visunt, quid agam, ecquid velim,
Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 113:numquid vis aliud?
Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 111; 1, 2, 106; id. Ad. 2, 2, 39; 3, 3, 78; id. Hec. 2, 2, 30:numquid vellem rogavit,
Cic. Att. 6, 3, 6:frequentia rogantium num quid vellet,
Liv. 6, 34, 7:rogavit num quid in Sardiniam vellet. Te puto saepe habere qui num quid Romam velis quaerant,
Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 2, 1.—With acc. of the person: aliquem velle.(α).To want somebody, i. e. in order to see him, to speak with him (ante-class. and colloq.):(β).Demenaetum volebam,
I wanted, wished to see, Demenoetus, Plaut. As. 2, 3, 12:bona femina et malus masculus volunt te,
id. Cist. 4, 2, 40:solus te solum volo,
id. Capt. 3, 4, 70:quia non est intus quem ego volo,
id. Mil. 4, 6, 40:hae oves volunt vos,
id. Bacch. 5, 2, 24:quis me volt? Perii, pater est,
Ter. And. 5, 3, 1:centuriones trium cohortium me velle postridie,
Cic. Att. 10, 16, 4.—With paucis verbis or paucis, for a few words ( moments):volo te verbis pauculis,
Plaut. Ep. 3, 4, 28:sed paucis verbis te volo, Palaestrio,
id. Mil. 2, 4, 22:Sosia, Adesdum, paucis te volo,
Ter. And. 1, 1, 2.—To love, like somebody, to be fond of somebody (anteclass. and poet.):(γ).hanc volo (= amo),
Plaut. As. 5, 1, 18:sine me amare unum Argyrippum... quem volo,
id. ib. 3, 2, 38:quom quae te volt, eamdem tu vis,
id. Mil. 4, 2, 80:aut quae (vitia) corpori' sunt ejus siquam petis ac vis,
Lucr. 4, 1152:quam volui nota fit arte mea,
Ov. Am. 1, 10, 60: nolo virum, facili redimit qui sanguine famam: hunc volo, laudari qui sine morte potest, I like the one who, etc., Mart. 1, 8, 6.—To wish to have:3.roga, velitne an non uxorem,
whether he wishes to have his wife or not, Ter. Hec. 4, 1, 43:ut sapiens velit gerere rem publicam, atque... uxorem adjungere, et velle ex ea liberos (anacoluth.),
Cic. Fin. 3, 20, 68.—With two accusatives: (narrato) illam te amare et velle uxorem,
that you wish to have her as your wife, Ter. Heaut. 4, 3, 25; cf. id. Phorm. 1, 2, 65.—With two accusatives, of the person and the thing: aliquem aliquid velle, to want something of somebody (cf.: aliquem aliquid rogare; mostly ante-class.;4.not in Cic.): numquid me vis?
Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 120:face certiorem me quid meus vir me velit,
id. Cas. 2, 6, 1:num quidpiam me vis aliud?
id. Truc. 2, 4, 81:nunc verba in pauca conferam quid te velim,
id. As. 1, 1, 74:narrabit ultro quid sese velis,
id. Ps. 2, 4, 60:quid me voluisti?
id. Mil. 4, 2, 35:numquid aliud me vis?
Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 101:quin tu uno verbo dic quid est quod me velis,
id. And. 1, 1, 18; Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 85; id. Cist. 2, 3, 49; id. As. 2, 3, 12; id. Merc. 5, 2, 27; id. Pers. 4, 6, 11; Ter. Heaut. 4, 8, 31; id. Phorm. 2, 4, 18; id. Eun. 2, 3, 47; id. Hec. 3, 4, 15:si quid ille se velit, illum ad se venire oportere,
Caes. B. G. 1, 34:cum mirabundus quidnam (Taurea) sese vellet, resedisset Flaccus, Me quoque, inquit, etc.,
Liv. 26, 15, 11; also, I want to speak with somebody (v. 2. a. a):paucis, Euclio, est quod te volo,
Plaut. Aul. 2, 2, 22:est quod te volo secreto,
id. Bacch. 5, 2, 33.—With acc. of thing and dat. of the person: aliquid alicui velle, to wish something to somebody (= cupio aliquid alicui; v. cupio;a.rare): quamquam vobis volo quae voltis, mulieres,
Plaut. Rud. 4, 4, 1:si ex me illa liberos vellet sibi,
Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 33:praesidium velle se senectuti suae,
id. ib. 1, 2, 44:nihil est mali quod illa non initio filio voluerit, optaverit,
Cic. Clu. 66, 188:rem Romanam huc provectam ut externis quoque gentibus quietem velit,
Tac. A. 12, 11:cui ego omnia meritissimo volo et debeo,
to whom I give and owe my best wishes, Quint. 9, 2, 35.—Esp., in the phrase quid vis (vult) with reflex. dat. of interest, lit. what do you want for yourself?Quid tibi vis = quid vis, the dat. being redundant (rare):b.quid aliud tibi vis?
what else do you want? Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 90.—With quisque:haud ita vitam agerent ut nunc plerumque videmus Quid sibi quisque velit nescire,
be ignorant as to their own aims and purposes, Lucr. 3, 1058.—What do you mean? what do you drive at? what is your scope, object, drift (rare in post-Aug. writers; Don. ad Ter. Eun. prol. 45, declares it an archaism).(α).In 1 st pers. (rare):(β).nunc quid processerim huc, et quid mihi voluerim dicam,
and what I meant thereby, what was the purpose of my coming, Plaut. As. prol. 6:quid mihi volui? quid mihi nunc prodest bona voluntas?
Sen. Ben. 4, 21, 6.—In 2 d pers.:(γ).quid nunc tibi vis, mulier, memora,
what is the drift of your talk? Plaut. Mil. 4, 2, 60: sed quid nunc tibi vis? what do you want to come at (i.e. by your preamble)? id. Poen. 1, 1, 24: quid tu tibi vis? Ego non tangam meam? what do you mean? i. e. what is your purpose? Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 28:quid tibi vis? quid cum illa rei tibi est?
id. ib. 4, 7, 34:quid est quod sic gestis? quid sibi hic vestitus quaerit? Quid est quod laetus sis? quid tibi vis?
what do you mean by all this? id. ib. 3, 5, 11:quid est, inepta? quid vis tibi? quid rides?
id. ib. 5, 6, 6:quid vis tibi? Quid quaeris?
id. Heaut. 1, 1, 9: Ph. Fabulae! Ch. Quid vis tibi? id. Phorm. 5, 8, 53:roganti ut se in Asiam praefectum duceret, Quid tibi vis, inquit, insane,
Cic. Or. 2, 67, 269; so in 2 d pers. plur.:pro deum fidem, quid vobis vultis?
Liv. 3, 67, 7.—In 3 d pers.:(δ).quid igitur sibi volt pater? cur simulat?
Ter. And. 2, 3, 1:quid hic volt veterator sibi?
id. ib. 2, 6, 26:proinde desinant aliquando me isdem inflare verbis: quid sibi iste vult?... Cur ornat eum a quo desertus est?
Cic. Dom. 11, 29:quid sibi vellet (Caesar)? cur in suas possessiones veniret?
Caes. B. G. 1, 44 med.:conicere in eum oculos, mirantes quid sibi vellet (i. e. by courting the plebeians),
Liv. 3, 35, 5:qui quaererent quid sibi vellent qui armati Aventinum obsedissent,
id. 3, 50, 15:quid sibi voluit providentia quae Aridaeum regno imposuit?
Sen. Ben. 4, 31, 1: volt, non volt dare Galla mihi, nec dicere possum quod volt et non volt, quid sibi Galla velit, Mart: 3, 90, 2.—Transf. of things as subjects, what means, what signifies? quid volt sibi, Syre, haec oratio? Ter. Heaut. 4, 1, 2:5.ut pernoscatis quid sibi Eunuchus velit,
id. Eun. prol. 45:quid ergo illae sibi statuae equestres inauratae volunt?
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 61, § 150:quid haec sibi horum civium Romanorum dona voluerunt?
id. ib. 2, 3, 80, §186: avaritia senilis quid sibi velit, non intellego,
what is the meaning of the phrase, id. Sen. 18, 66:quid ergo illa sibi vult pars altera orationis qua Romanos a me cultos ait?
Liv. 40, 12, 14:tacitae quid vult sibi noctis imago?
Ov. M. 9, 473.—Bene or male alicui velle, to wish one well or ill, to like or dislike one (ante-class. and poet.): Ph. Bene volt tibi. St. Nequam est illud verbum bene volt, nisi qui bene facit, Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 37 sq.:6.jam diu ego huic bene et hic mihi volumus,
id. Ps. 1, 3, 4:ut tibi, dum vivam, bene velim plus quam mihi,
id. Cas. 2, 8, 30:egone illi ut non bene vellem?
id. Truc. 2, 4, 90; cf. id. ib. 2, 4, 95; id. Merc. 2, 1, 21; id. Ps. 4, 3, 7; id. Poen. 3, 3, 9:nisi quod tibi bene ex animo volo,
Ter. Heaut. 5, 2, 6:quo tibi male volt maleque faciet,
Plaut. Pers. 5, 2, 44:atque isti etiam parum male volo,
id. Truc. 5, 7; cf. id. As. 5, 1, 13:utinam sic sient qui mihi male volunt,
Ter. Eun. 4, 3, 13:non sibi male vult,
he does not dislike himself, Petr. 38; so, melius or optime alicui velle, to like one better or best:nec est quisquam mihi aeque melius quoi vellem,
Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 42; id. Merc. 5, 2, 57:illi ego ex omnibus optime volo,
id. Most. 1, 4, 24.—And bene velle = velle: bene volueris in precatione augurali Messalla augur ait, significare volueris, Fest. s. v. bene sponsis, p. 351.—With abl.: alicujus causa velle, to like one for his own sake, i. e. personally, a Ciceronian phrase, probably inst. of omnia alicujus causa velle; lit. to wish every thing (i.e. good) in somebody's behalf.(α).With omnia expressed: etsi mihi videor intellexisse cum tecum de re M. Annaeii locutus sum, te ipsius causa vehementer omnia velle, tamen, etc.... ut non dubitem quin magnus cumulus accedat commenda tionis meae, Cic. Fam. 13, 55, 1:(β).repente coepit dicere, se omnia Verris causa velle,
that he had the most friendly disposition towards Verres, id. Verr. 2, 2, 26, § 64:accedit eo quod Varro magnopere ejus causa vult omnia,
id. Fam. 13, 22, 1.—Without omnia:7.per eos qui nostra causa volunt, valentque apud illum,
Cic. Att. 11, 8, 1:sed et Phameae causa volebam,
id. ib. 13, 49, 1:etsi te ipsius Attici causa velle intellexeram,
id. ib. 16, 16, A, 6:valde enim ejus causa volo,
id. Fam. 16, 17, 2 fin.:illud non perficis quo minus tua causa velim,
id. ib. 3, 7, 6;12, 7, 1: si me velle tua causa putas,
id. ib. 7, 17, 2:regis causa si qui sunt qui velint,
id. ib. 1, 1, 1:credo tua causa velle Lentulum,
id. Q. Fr. 1, 4, 5; id. Div. in Caecil. 6, 21; cf. id. Imp. Pomp. (v. C. 1. b. supra), where the phrase has its literal meaning; cf. also: alicujus causa (omnia) cupere; v. cupio.—With acc. and subjunct. per ecthesin (ante-class.): nunc ego illum meum virum veniat velim (by mixture of constructions: meum virum velim; and:F.meus vir veniat velim),
Plaut. Cas. 3, 2, 29:nunc ego Simonidem mi obviam veniat velim,
id. Ps. 4, 5, 10:nimis hercle ego illum corvum ad me veniat velim,
id. Aul. 4, 6, 4:saltem aliquem velim qui mihi ex his locis viam monstret,
id. Rud. 1, 3, 35:patrem atque matrem viverent vellem tibi,
id. Poen. 5, 2, 106; cf. id. Merc. 2, 1, 30 (v. E. 1. d. supra).Velle used absolutely, variously rendered to will, have a will, wish, consent, assent:II.quod vos, malum... me sic ludificamini? Nolo volo, volo nolo rursum,
I nill I will, I will I nill again, Ter. Phorm. 5, 8, 57: novi ingenium mulierum: Nolunt ubi velis, ubi nolis cupiunt ultro, they will not where you will, etc., id. Eun. 4, 7, 43:quis est cui velle non liceat?
who is not free to wish? Cic. Att. 7, 11. 2:in magnis et voluisse sat est,
Prop. 2, 10 (3, 1), 6:tarde velle nolentis est,
slow ness in consenting betrays the desire to refuse, Sen. Ben. 2, 5, 4:quae (animalia) nullam injuriam nobis faciunt, quia velle non possunt, id. Ira, 2, 26, 4: ejus est nolle qui potest velle,
the power to assent implies the power to dissent, Dig. 50, 17, 3.—So velle substantively:sed ego hoc ipsum velle miserius duco quam in crucem tolli,
that very wishing, Cic. Att. 7, 11, 2: inest enim velle in carendo, the word carere implies the notion of a wish, id. Tusc. 1, 36, 88:velle ac posse in aequo positum erat,
his will and power were balanced, Val. Max. 6, 9, ext. 5:velle tuum nolo, Didyme, nolle volo,
Mart. 5, 83, 2:velle suum cuique est,
each has his own likings, Pers. 5, 53.In partic.A.Redundant, when the will to do is identified with the act itself.1.In imperative sentences.a.In independent sentences introduced by noli velle, where noli has lost the idea of volition:b.nolite, judices, hunc velle maturius exstingui vulnere vestro quam suo fato,
do not resolve, Cic. Cael. 32, 79:nolite igitur id velle quod fieri non potest,
id. Phil. 7, 8, 25: qui timor bonis omnibus injectus sit... nolite a me commoneri velle, do not wish, expect, to be reminded by me, etc., id. Mur. 25, 50: nolite hunc illi acerbum nuntium velle perferri, let it not be your decision that, etc., id. Balb. 28, 64: cujus auspicia pro vobis experti nolite adversus vos velle experiri, do not desire, etc., Liv. 7, 40, 16:noli adversum eos me velle ducere, etc.,
Nep. Att. 4, 2.—Ne velis or ne velit fecisse = ne feceris, or ne facito (v. I. A. 3. a. supra).—So ne velis with pres. inf.:c.neve, revertendi liber, abesse velis (= neve abfueris),
Ov. H. 1, 80.—In affirmative imperative sentences (velim esse = esto;d.rare): tu tantum fida sorori Esse velis (= fida esto or sis),
Ov. M. 2, 745; and in 3 d pers.:di procul a cunctis... Hujus notitiam gentis habere velint (= habeant),
id. P. 1, 7, 8:credere modo qui discet velit (= credat qui discet),
Quint. 8, prooem. 12. —In clauses dependent on verbs of commanding and wishing:2.aut quia significant divam praedicere ut armis Ac virtute velint patriam defendere terram (= ut defendant),
Lucr. 2, 641: precor quaesoque ne ante oculos patris facere et pati omnia infanda velis (= facias et patiaris). Liv. 23, 9, 2:monentes ne experiri vellet imperium cujus vis, etc.,
id. 2, 59, 4; 39, 13, 2:et mea... opto Vulnera qui fecit facta levare velit,
Ov. Tr. 5, 2, 18: nos contra (oravimus) [p. 2009]... ne vertere secum Cuncta pater fatoque urguenti incumbere vellet, Verg. A. 2, 653. —With pass. perf. inf. (v. I. B. 9. b. b):legati Sullam orant ut filii innocentis fortunas conservatas velit (virtually = fortunas conservet),
Cic. Rosc. Am. 9, 25:a te peto ut utilitatem sociorum per te quam maxime defensam et auctam velis (= defendas et augeas),
id. Fam. 13, 9, 3.—So after utinam or ut:utinam illi qui prius eum viderint me apud eum velint adjutum tantum quantum ego vellem si quid possem (= utinam illi me adjuvent quantum ego adjuvarem, etc.),
id. Att. 11, 7, 7:cautius ut saevo velles te credere Marti (= utinam te credidisses),
Verg. A. 11, 153:edictum praemittit ad quam diem magistratus... sibi esse praesto Cordubae vellet (= sibi praesto essent),
Caes. B. C. 1, 19 (cf. also I. B. 9. b. b, and I. B. 2. fin. supra).—In conditional clauses, si facere velim = si faciam, often rendered by the potential or future auxiliaries would or will:3.non tu scis, Bacchae bacchanti si velis advorsarier, ex insana insaniorem facies? (= si advorseris),
Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 80:si meum Imperium exsequi voluisset, interemptam oportuit (= si executus esset),
Ter. Heaut. 4, 1, 22:si id confiteri velim, tamen istum condemnetis necesse est (= si id confitear),
if I would acknowledge, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 18, § 45:si quis velit ita dicere... nihil dicat (= si quis dicat),
id. Fat. 14, 32:dies deficiat si velim numerare, etc.,
id. N. D. 3, 32, 81;so,
id. Tusc. 5, 35, 102; id. Verr. 2, 2, 21, § 52:qua in sententia si constare voluissent, suam auctoritatem... recuperassent,
id. Fam. 1, 9, 14; id. Verr. 2, 1, 11, § 31; id. Lael. 20, 75:conicere potestis, si recordari volueritis quanta, etc.,
if you will remember, id. Verr. 2, 4, 58, § 129; so id. Or. 1, 44, 197; id. Brut. 1, 2, 5:quod si audire voletis externa, maximas res publicas ab adulescentibus labefactatas reperietis,
id. Sen. 6, 20; so id. Or. 1, 60, 256; 2, 23, 95:ejus me compotem voti vos facere potestis, si meminisse vultis, non vos in Samnio, etc.,
Liv. 7, 40, 5; 23, 13, 6; 23, 15, 4: cum olera Diogeni lavanti Aristippus dixisset: si Dionysium adulare velles, ista non esses;Imo, inquit, si tu ista esse velles, non adulares Dionysium,
Val. Max. 4, 3, ext. 4:ut si his (legibus) perpetuo uti voluissent, sempiternum habituri fuerint imperium,
id. 5, 3, ext. 3:quid enim si mirari velit, non in silvestribus dumis poma pendere,
Sen. Ira, 2, 10, 6; cf. Curt. 5, 1, 1; 3, 5, 6; Ov. H. 17 (18), 43.—With perf. inf. pass.:nisi ea (opera) certi auctores monumentis suis testata esse voluissent,
Val. Max. 3, 2, 24.—In declarative sentences.a.Volo in 1 st pers. with perf. pass. inf. or part. (volo oratum esse or oratum = oro; v. I. B. 9. b. a and b):b.vos omnes opere magno esse oratos volo benigne ut operam detis, etc.,
Plaut. Cas. prol. 21:justam rem et facilem esse oratam a vobis volo,
id. Am. prol. 33:illud tamen te esse admonitum volo, etc.,
Cic. Cael. 3, 8:sed etiam est paucis vos quod monitos voluerim,
Plaut. Capt. prol. 53:illud te, Tulli, monitum velim etc.,
Liv. 1, 23, 8:quamobrem omnes eos oratos volo Ne, etc.,
Ter. Heaut. prol. 26; so, factum volo = faciam: serva tibi sodalem, et mihi filium. Mne. Factum volo, I will, Plaut. Bacch. 3, 3, 91: pariter nunc opera me adjuves ac, etc. Nau. Factum volo, Ter. Phorm. 5, 3, 4; so Plaut. Pers. 2, 5, 10.—In 3 d pers.:esse salutatum vult te mea littera primum,
Ov. P. 2, 7, 1.—With pres. inf.:c.propterea te vocari ad cenam volo (= voco te),
Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 72:sed nunc rogare hoc ego vicissim te volo: quid fuit, etc. (= nunc te rogo),
id. Trin. 1, 2, 136.—With perf. act. inf.:d.pace tua dixisse velim (= pace tua dixerim),
Ov. P. 3, 1, 9.—In other connections, when the will or purpose is made more prominent than the action:B.eorum alter, qui Antiochus vocatur, iter per Siciliam facere voluit (= fecit),
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 27, § 61:si suscipere eam (religionem) nolletis, tamen in eo qui violasset sancire vos velle oporteret (= sancire vos oporteret),
id. ib. 2, 4, 51, §114: ut insequentibus diebus nemo eorum forum aut publicum adspicere vellet (= adspiceret),
Liv. 9, 7, 11:talentis mille percussorem in me emere voluisti (= emisti),
Curt. 3, 5, 6: quin etiam senatus gratias ei agentem quod redire voluisset ante portas eduxit (= quod redisset), Val. Max. 3, 4, 4:utri prius gratulemur, qui hoc dicere voluit, an cui audire contigit? (= qui hoc dixit),
id. 4, 7, ext. 2:sic tua non paucae carpere facta volent (= carpent),
Ov. P. 3, 1, 64.Velim, as potential subjunctive (mostly in 1 st pers. sing., as subjunctive of modest statement), = volo, I wish, I should like.1.With verb in the second person.a.With pres. subj., so most frequently in Cic.(α).As a modest imperative of the dependent verb: velim facias = fac, I wish you would do it, please do it:(β).ego quae in rem tuam sint, ea velim facias,
Ter. Phorm. 2, 4, 9:eas (litteras) in eundem fasciculum velim addas,
Cic. Att. 12, 53:eum salvere jubeas velim,
id. ib. 7, 7, 7:velim me facias certiorem, etc.,
id. ib. 1, 19, 9:tu velim saepe ad nos scribas,
id. ib. 1, 12, 4:velim mihi ignoscas,
id. Fam. 13, 75, 1:tu velim animum a me parumper avertas,
id. Lael. 1, 5; cf. id. Att. 1, 11, 3; 7, 3, 11; 8, 12, 5; id. Fam. 15, 3, 2 et saep.:haec pro causa mea dicta accipiatis velim,
Liv. 42, 34, 13: velim, inquit, hoc mihi probes, Aug. ap. Suet. Aug. 51:Musa velim memores, etc.,
Hor. S. 1, 5, 53.—Expressing a wish without a command (v. vellem):b.vera dicas velim,
I wish you told the truth, Plaut. Cas. 2, 3, 18:quam velim Bruto persuadeas ut Asturae sit,
Cic. Att. 14, 15, 4:ipse velim poenas experiare meas,
Ov. Tr. 3, 11, 74;so in asseverations: ita velim me promerentem ames, dum vivas, mi pater, ut... id mihi vehementer dolet,
Ter. Ad. 4, 5, 47.—With infinitive clause.(α).With the force of a modest imperative:(β).sed qui istuc credam ita esse, mihi dici velim (i. e. a te),
Ter. Phorm. 5, 6, 15:extremum illud est quod mihi abs te responderi velim,
Cic. Vat. 17, 41 (may be a dependent subjunctive):itaque vos ego, milites, non eo solum animo.... pugnare velim, etc.,
Liv. 21, 41, 10.—As a mere wish:c.velim te arbitrari, frater, etc.,
Plaut. Aul. 2, 1, 1:primum te arbitrari id quod res est velim,
Ter. Eun. 5, 5, 9.—With perf. act.:hanc te quoque ad ceteras tuas eximias virtutes, Masinissa, adjecisse velim,
Liv. 30, 14, 6.—With perf. pass., Liv. 1, 23, 8 (v. II. A. 3. a. supra).—With ut (rare):d.de tuis velim ut eo sis animo, quo debes esse,
Cic. Fam. 4, 14, 4. —With ne (rare), Plaut. Rud. 4, 4, 23 (v. I. C. 2. supra).—2.With dependent verb in the third person, expressing a wish.a.With pres. subj.:b.ita se defatigent velim Ut, etc.,
Ter. Ad. 4, 1, 3:de Cicerone quae mihi scribis, jucunda mihi sunt: velim sint prospera,
Cic. Att. 14, 11, 2:velim seu Himilco, seu Mago respondeat,
Liv. 23, 12, 15:sint haec vera velim,
Verg. Cir. 306:nulla me velim syllaba effugiat,
Quint. 11, 2, 45.—With final clause:tu velim mihi ad urbem praesto sis, ut tuis consiliis utar,
Cic. Att. 9, 16, 3; cf. id. ib. 11, 11, 2 (v. I. C. 2. supra).—With ellips. of pres. subj.:velim mehercule Asturae Brutus (i. e. sit),
Cic. Att. 14, 11, 1.—With perf. subj. (a wish referring to the past):c.nimis velim improbissumo homini malas edentaverint,
Plaut. Rud. 3, 2, 48.—With inf.-clause:3.ne ego nunc mihi modium mille esse argenti velim!
Plaut. Stich. 4, 2, 9: di me perdant! Me. Quodcunque optes, velim tibi contingere, id. Cist. 2, 1, 30:velim eum tibi placere quam maxime,
Cic. Brut. 71, 249: idque primum ita esse velim;deinde etiam, si non sit, mihi persuaderi tamen velim,
id. Tusc. 1, 11, 24:quod faxitis, deos velim fortunare,
Liv. 6, 41, 12.—With perf. pass. inf. (v. I. B. 9. b. b, supra):edepol te hodie lapide percussum velim,
Plaut. Stich. 4, 2, 33:moribus praefectum mulierum hunc factum velim,
id. Aul. 3, 5, 30.—With inf.-clause understood:nimium plus quam velim nostrorum ingenia sunt mobilia,
Liv. 2, 37, 4.—With verb in the first person.a.With inf. pres. (so most freq.):b.atque hoc velim probare omnibus, etc.,
Cic. Prov. Cons. 20, 47:velim scire ecquid de te recordere,
id. Tusc. 1, 6, 13:quare te, ut polliceris, videre plane velim,
id. Att. 11, 9, 3:nec vero velim... a calce ad carceres revocari,
id. Sen. 23, 83:sed multitudo ea quid animorum... habeat scire velim,
Liv. 23, 12, 7:interrogare tamen velim, an Isocrates Attice dixerit,
Quint. 12, 10, 22.—With perf. inf. act., Ov. P. 3, 1, 9 (v. II. A. 3. c.).—With acc. and inf.:c.quod velis, modo id velim me scire,
Plaut. Cas. 2, 4, 8.—So with perf. pass. inf.:ego praeterquam quod nihil haustum ex vano velim, Fabium... potissimum auctorem habui,
Liv. 22, 7, 4.—With subj. pres.:4.eo velim tam facili uti possim et tam bono in me quam Curione,
Cic. Att. 10, 8, 10 B. and K. ex conj. Mull. (Lachm., Hoffm. posse; al. possem).—Velim in the principal sentence of conditional clauses, I would, I should be willing:5.aetatem velim servire, Libanum ut (= si) conveniam modo,
Plaut. As. 2, 2, 8:velim, si fieri possit,
id. Truc. 2, 4, 12:si quid tibi compendi facere possim, factum edepol velim (redundant),
id. ib. 2, 4, 26:si possim, velim,
id. Stich. 4, 2, 9:nec velim (imitari orationes Thucydidis) si possim,
Cic. Brut. 83, 287:si liceat, nulli cognitus esse velim,
Ov. Tr. 5, 12, 42.—The other persons of velim in potential use (rare).a.Velis.(α).Imperatively = cupito:(β).quoniam non potest fieri quod vis, Id velis quod possit,
Ter. And. 2, 1, 6:atque aliquos tamen esse velis tibi, alumna, penates,
Verg. Cir. 331.—Declaratively with indef. subj.: quom inopia'st, cupias; quando ejus copia'st, tum non velis, then you (i.e. people, they) do not want it, Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 45.—(γ).Redundant, as a form of the imperative of the dependent verb, Ov. Am. 1, 4, 38 (v. I. A. 3. a. b); id. H. 1, 80 (v. II. A. 1. b.); id. M. 2, 746 (v. II. A. 1. c.).—b.Velit.(α).Modestly for vult:(β).te super aetherias licentius auras Haud pater ille velit, etc.,
Verg. A. 7, 558: nemo enim minui velit id in quo maximus fuit, would like that to be diminished in which, etc., Quint. 12, 11, 6; cf. Verg. A. 2, 104, and Ov. H. 9, 7 (v. I. E. 1. c. supra).— So, poet., instead of vellet with perf. inf.:ut fiat, quid non illa dedisse velit?
Ov. Am. 2, 17, 30.—= imperative of third person:c.arma velit, poscatque simul rapiatque juventus,
Verg. A. 7, 340.—Redundantly, giving to the dependent verb the force of an imperative, Quint. 8, prooem. 12 (v. II. A. 1. c. supra; v. also I. A. 3. a. supra).—Velimus.(α).In the optative sense of velim:(β). d.sed scire velimus quod tibi nomen siet,
Plaut. Pers. 4, 6, 18.—Velitis = velim velitis (i. e. jubeatis, jubete):e.novos consules ita cum Samnite gerere bellum velitis ut omnia ante nos bella gesta sunt,
Liv. 9, 8, 10.—So especially in velitis jubeatis, a formula in submitting a law to the votes of the people in the comitia centuriata or tributa, let it be resolved and ordered by you:rogatus in haec verba populus: velitis jubeatisne haec sic fieri, si respublica populi Romani Quiritium, etc.,
Liv. 22, 10, 2:velitis jubeatis, Quirites... uti de ea re Ser. Sulpicius praetor urbanus ad senatum referat, etc.,
id. 38, 54, 3.—And parodied by Cic.:velitis jubeatis ut quod Cicero versum fecerit,
Cic. Pis. 29, 72.—So in oblique discourse, vellent juberent:rogationem promulgavit, vellent juberent Philippo... bellum indici,
Liv. 31, 6, 1:vellent juberentne se regnare,
id. 1, 46, 1; cf.in the resolution of the people: plebis sic jussit: quod senatus... censeat, id volumus jubemusque,
id. 26, 33, 14.—Velint, optative and redundant, Cic. Att. 11, 7, 7 (v. II. A. 1. d.); Ov. P. 1, 7, 8 (v. II. A. 1. c.).C.Vellem, as potential subjunctive, I wish, should like, should have liked, representing the wish as contrary to fact, while velim refers to a wish which may be realized:1.de Menedemo vellem verum fuisset, de regina velim verum sit,
Cic. Att. 15, 4, 4. It is not used with imperative force; cf.:quod scribis, putare te... vellem scriberes, cur ita putares... tu tamen velim scribas,
Cic. Att. 11, 24, 5.—Often quam vellem, how I wish, i. e. I wish very much; and in the same sense: nimium vellem, v. infra.With verb in first person.a.With inf. pres., I wish, would like, referring to present or future actions:b.videre equidem vos vellem, cum huic aurum darem,
Plaut. Poen. 3, 3, 68:vellem equidem idem posse gloriari quod Cyrus,
Cic. Sen. 10, 32:vellem equidem vobis placere, Quirites, sed, etc.,
Liv. 3, 68, 9:quam fieri vellem meus libellus!
Mart. 8, 72, 9.—With cuperem and optarem:nunc ego Triptolemi cuperem conscendere currus... Nunc ego Medeae vellem frenare dracones... Nunc ego jactandas optarem sumere pennas, etc.,
Ov. Tr. 3, 8, 1 sqq.— [p. 2010] Rarely, I should have liked:tum equidem istuc os tuum inpudens videre nimium vellem!
Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 49.—And in conditional sense:maerorem minui: dolorem nec potui, nec, si possem, vellem (i. e. minuere),
Cic. Att. 12, 28, 2:certe ego, si sineres, titulum tibi reddere vellem,
Ov. Tr. 4, 5, 13:sic nec amari quidem vellem (i. e. if I were in his place),
Sen. Ira, 1, 20, 4.—With perf. inf., I wish I had:c.abiit, vah! Rogasse vellem,
I wish I had asked him, Ter. Heaut. 5, 2, 25:maxime vellem semper tecum fuisse,
Cic. Att. 8, 11, D, 5:quam vellem petisse ab eo quod audio Philippum impetrasse,
id. ib. 10, 4, 10:non equidem vellem, quoniam nocitura fuerunt, Pieridum sacris imposuisse manum,
Ov. Tr. 4, 1, 27:ante equidem summa de re statuisse, Latini, Et vellem, et fuerat melius,
Verg. A. 11, 303. —With inf.-clause, the predicate being a perf. part. (v. I. B. 9. b. b, supra):d.virum me natam vellem,
would I had been born a man! Ter. Phorm. 5, 3, 9.—With subj. imperf. (rare):2.quam vellem, Panaetium nostrum nobiscum haberemus,
Cic. Rep. 1, 10, 15.—The subject of the dependent verb in the second person.a.With subj. imperf. (the regular construction):b.hodie igitur me videbit, ac vellem tum tu adesses,
I wish you could be present, Cic. Att. 13, 7, 2:quam vellem de his etiam oratoribus tibi dicere luberet,
I wish you would please, id. Brut. 71, 248.—With subj. pluperf., I wish you had:c.vellem Idibus Martiis me ad cenam invitasses,
Cic. Fam. 12, 4, 1:quam vellem te ad Stoicos inclinavisses,
id. Fin. 3, 3, 10:vellem suscepisses juvenem regendum,
id. Att. 10, 6, 2:quam vellem Bruto studium tuum navare potuisses,
id. ib. 15, 4, 5.—With ne and pluperf. subj.:d.tu vellem ne veritus esses ne parum libenter legerem tuas litteras,
Cic. Fam. 7, 33, 2.—With ellipsis of verb: vera cantas, vana vellem (i. e. cantares). Plaut. Most. 3, 4, 41.—3.With verb in third person.a.With imperf. subj. (the regular construction):b.patrem atque matrem viverent vellem tibi (per ecthesin, v. I. E. b.),
Plaut. Poen. 5, 2, 106:vellem adesset Antonius, modo sine advocatis,
Cic. Phil. 1, 7, 16:vellem nobis hoc idem vere dicere liceret,
id. Off. 3, 1, 1:vellem adesse posset Panaetius,
id. Tusc. 1, 33, 81:vellem hoc esset laborare,
id. Or. 2, 71, 287.—With pluperf. subj.:c.vellem aliqui ex vobis robustioribus hunc male dicendi locum suscepissent,
Cic. Cael. 3, 7:vellem dictum esset ab eodem etiam de Dione,
id. ib. 10, 23; so id. ib. 31, 74; id. Brut. 44, 163:quam vellem Dareus aliquid ex hac indole hausisset!
Curt. 3, 32 (12), 26.—With inf.-clause.(α).With inf. pres., I wish he were:(β).quam non abesse ab hujus judicio L. Vulsionem vellem!
Cic. Clu. 70, 198:nunc mihi... Vellem, Maeonide, pectus inesse tuum,
Ov. F. 2, 120.—With perf. inf. or part., I wish he had, had been:d.quam vellem Menedemum invitatum!
Ter. Heaut. 1, 2, 11:epistulas, quas quidem vellem mihi numquam redditas,
Cic. Att. 11, 22, 1.—With ellipsis of predicate: illud quoque vellem antea (i. e. factum, or factum esse),
Cic. Att. 11, 23, 3.—With ut, Cic. Sull. 1, 1; id. Fam. 7, 33, 2 (v. I. C. 1. a. supra).—4.With acc. of a neuter pronoun or of a noun:5.aliquando sentiam us nihil nobis nisi, id quod minime vellem, spiritum reliquum esse,
Cic. Att. 9, 19, 2: tris eos libros maxime nunc vellem: apti essent ad id quod cogito, I would like to have (cf. I. E. 1. a.), id. ib. 13, 22, 2.—In the other persons of vellem (mostly poet.).a.Velles.(α).In optative sentences redundant, Verg. A. 11, 153 (v. II. A. 1. d.).—(β).Of an indefinite subject:b.velles eum (Senecam) suo ingenio dixisse, alieno judicio,
Quint. 10, 1, 130.—Vellet.(α).In the potential sense of vellem: vellet abesse quidem;(β).sed adest. Velletque videre, Non etiam sentire canum fera facta suorum,
Ov. M. 3, 247.—Conditionally:c.quis vellet tanti nuntius esse mali (i. e. if in this situation)?
Ov. H. 12, 146.—Vellent.(α).In the potential sense of vellem:(β).quam vellent aethere in alto Nunc of pauperiem et duros perferre labores!
Verg. A. 6, 436.—Conditionally: nec superi vellent hoc licuisse sibi, would wish, i. e. if in this situation, Mart. 4, 44, 8.D.Volam and voluero.1.In gen.: respiciendus erit sermo stipulationis, utrumne talis sit: quem voluero, an quem volam. Nam si talis fuerit quem voluero, cum semel elegerit, mutare voluntatem non poterit;2.si vero... quem volam, donec judicium dictet, mutandi potestatem habebit,
Dig. 45, 1, 112.—Volam in principal sentences.(α).= Engl. future, I shall wish, etc.:(β).et commeminisse hoc ego volam te,
I shall require you to recollect this, Plaut. Curc. 4, 2, 7: cum omnia habueris, tunc habere et sapientiam voles? will you also wish to have wisdom when? etc., Sen. Ep. 17, 8.—Denoting present probability: et scilicet jam me hoc voles patrem exorare, ut, etc., you doubtless wish me, etc., Ter. Heaut. 4, 3, 27.—3.In clauses dependent on predicates implying a future, generally rendered by an English present:E.quid si sors aliter quam voles evenerit?
otherwise than as you wish, Plaut. Cas. 2, 5, 35:tum te, si voles, cum patriae quod debes solveris, satis diu vixisse dicito,
then if you choose, if you will, Cic. Marcell. 9, 27:decedes cum voles,
id. Att. 6, 3, 2:qui magis effugies eos qui volent fingere?
those who are bent upon inventing, who will invent, falsehoods, id. ib. 8, 2, 2; cf. id. ib. 1, 1, 4; id. Verr. 2, 4, 25, § 55; id. Prov. Cons. 9, 24:quod voles gratum esse, rarum effice,
Sen. Ben. 1, 14, 1; cf. id. Brev. Vit. 7, 9: si di volent, the gods permitting, August. ap. Suet. Calig. 8:invenies, vere si reperire voles,
Ov. P. 3, 1, 34; cf. Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 78; Tib. 1, 4, 45.—So, voluero:quem (locum) si qui vitare voluerit, sex milium circuitu in oppidum pervenit,
who wishes to avoid this spot, Caes. B. C. 2, 24.Si vis, parenthetically.1.If you please (cf. sis, supra init.):2.paulum opperirier, Si vis,
Ter. Eun. 5, 2, 52:audi, si vis, nunc jam,
id. Ad. 2, 1, 30:dic, si vis, de quo disputari velis,
Cic. Tusc. 2, 5, 13.—If you wish, choose, insist upon it:F.hanc quoque jucunditatem, si vis, transfer in animum,
Cic. Fin. 2, 4, 14:addam, si vis, animi, etc.,
id. ib. 2, 27, 89:concedam hoc ipsum, si vis, etc.,
id. Div. 2, 15, 34.Quam, with any person of the pres. indic. or subj., or imperf. subj. or future, = quamvis, in a concessive sense, virtually, however, however much.1.3 d pers. sing.:2.quod illa, quam velit sit potens, numquam impetravisset (= quamvis sit potens),
however powerful she may be, Cic. Cael. 26, 63:C. Gracchus dixit, sibi in somnis Ti. fratrem visum esse dicere, quam vellet cunctaretur, tamen eodem sibi leto... esse pereundum,
id. Div. 1, 26, 56:quam volet jocetur,
id. N. D. 2, 17, 46.—1 st pers. plur.:3.quam volumus licet ipsi nos amemus, tamen, etc.,
Cic. Har. Resp. 9, 19.—2 d pers. plur.: exspectate facinus quam vultis improbum, vincam tamen, etc., expect a crime, however wicked ( ever so wicked), etc., Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 5, § 11;4.but: hac actione quam voletis multi dicent,
as many as you choose, id. ib. 2, 2, 42, § 102.—3 d pers. plur.:G.quam volent illi cedant, tamen a re publica revocabuntur,
Cic. Phil. 2, 44, 113:quam volent in conviviis faceti, dicaces, etc., sint, alia fori vis est, alia triclinii,
id. Cael. 28, 67;but: et ceteri quam volent magnas pecunias capere possint,
as much money as they choose, id. Verr. 2, 2, 58, § 142.Volo = malo, to prefer, with a comparative clause (rare):H.quodsi in ceteris quoque studiis a multis eligere homines commodissimum quodque, quam sese uni alicui certo vellent addicere, = si se eligere mallent quam se uni addicere,
Cic. Inv. 2, 2, 5:malae rei quam nullius duces esse volunt,
Liv. 3, 68, 11:famaene credi velis quanta urbs a te capta sit, quam posteris quoque eam spectando esse?
id. 25, 29, 6.With magis and maxime.1.Magis velle: ut tu illam salvam magis velles quam ego, you wish more than I, etc., Ter. Hec. 2, 2, 17.—2.With maxime, to wish above all, more than any thing or any one else, to be most agreeable to one, to like best, to prefer (among more than two alternatives):K.quia id maxime volo ut illi istoc confugiant,
wish above all, Plaut. Most. 5, 1, 49; so id. Trin. 3, 2, 38:maxime vellem, judices, ut P. Sulla, etc.,
Cic. Sull. 1, 1:caritate nos capiunt reges, consilio optimates, libertate populi, ut in comparando difficile ad eligendum sit, quid maxime velis,
which you prefer, like best, id. Rep. 1, 35, 55; so, quemadmodum ego maxime vellem, id. Att. 13, 1, 1:tris eos libros maxime nunc vellem,
above all others, id. ib. 13, 32, 2:alia excusanti juveni, alia recipienti futura, ita ut maxime vellet senatus responderi placuit,
as it was most agreeable to him, Liv. 39, 47:si di tibi permisissent quo modo maxime velles experiri animum meum,
in the manner most convenient to yourself, Curt. 3, 6, 12.In disjunctive co - ordination.1.With sive... sive:2.tu nunc, sive ego volo, seu nolo, sola me ut vivam facis,
whether I choose or not, Plaut. Cist. 3, 14:itaque Campanos sive velint, sive nolint, quieturos,
Liv. 8, 2, 13.—Without connectives.a.Vis tu... vis:b.congredi cum hoste liceat... vis tu mari, vis terra, vis acie, vis urbibus expugnandis experiri virtutem?
Liv. 25, 6, 22.—Velim nolim.(α).Interrogatively, = utrum velim nec ne:(β).velit nolit scire, difficile est,
it is difficult to know whether he intends it or not, Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 8, 4.—= seu velim seu nolim:A.ut mihi, velim nolim, sit certa quaedam tuenda sententia,
whether I will or not, Cic. N. D. 1, 7, 17:velim nolim, in cognomine Scipionum haeream necesse est,
Val. Max. 3, 7, 3:mors interim adest, cui velis nolis vacandum est,
Sen. Brev. Vit. 8, 5:hunc ita fundatum necesse est, velit nolit, sequatur hilaritas continua,
id. Vit. Beat. 4, 4:velint nolint, respondendum est... beate vivere bonum non esse,
id. Ep. 117, 4:praeterea futuri principes, velint nolint, sciant, etc.,
Plin. Pan. 20 fin. Part. and P. a.: vŏlens, entis.As a part. proper, retaining the meaning and construction of velle, with the force of a relative or adverbial clause.1.Agreeing with some member of the sentence ( poet. and in post-class. prose;2.rare): neque illum... multa volentem Dicere praeterea vidit (= qui multa voluit dicere),
Verg. G. 4, 501; id. A. 2, 790:nec me vis ulla volentem Avertet (i. e. si adhaerere foederi volo),
id. ib. 12, 203: decemviri, minuere volentes hujuscemodi violentiam... putaverunt, etc., intending ( who intended) to diminish such a violence, etc., Gell. 20, 1, 34:Milo, experiri etiamtunc volens, an ullae sibi reliquae vires adessent... rescindere quercum conatus est,
id. 15, 16, 3:scio quosdam testatores, efficere volentes ne servi sui umquam ad libertatem venirent, etc., hactenus scribere solitos,
Dig. 40, 4, 61:si te volentem ad prohibendum venire, deterruerit aliquis, etc.,
ib. 43, 24, 1, § 10.—Abl. absol. (not ante-Aug.):B. 1.ne cujus militis scripti nomen nisi ipso volente deleretur,
except with his consent, Liv. 7, 41, 4; so,Teum ex medio cursu classem repente avertit, aut volentibus iis usurus commeatu parato hostibus, aut ipsos pro hostibus habiturus,
with their consent, id. 37, 27, 3:ponuntque ferocia Poeni Corda, volente deo,
since the god willed it, Verg. A. 1, 303: Thrasippo supplicium a se voluntaria morte exigere volente, while he was about to inflict punishment on himself, etc., Val. Max. 5, 1, ext. 2: scire volentibus immortalibus dis an Romana virtus imperium orbis mereretur, it being the will of the gods to know, etc., Flor. 1, 13, 3 (1, 7, 3): qui sciente aut volente eo ad quem res pertinet, possessionem nanciscitur, with the knowledge and consent of the person who, etc., Dig. 41, 2, 6. —Attributively.a.In the phrase cum dis volentibus, lit. with the willing or favoring gods, i. e. with the will, permission, or favor of the gods: dono ducite doque volentibu' cum magnis dis, Enn. ap. Cic. Off. 1, 12, 38 (Ann. v. 208 Vahl.):b.sequere hac, mea gnata, me cum dis volentibus,
Plaut. Pers. 3, 1, 4:cum dis volentibus quodque bene eveniat mando tibi Mani uti illaec suovetaurilia, etc.,
Cato, R. R. 141 (142).— And without cum, abl. absol.:virtute ac dis volentibus magni estis et opulenti,
Sall. J. 14, 19.—Volenti animo.(α).= cupide, eagerly:(β).Romae plebes litteris quae de Metello ac Mario missae erant, volenti animo de ambobus acceperant,
Sall. J. 73, 3. —On purpose, intentionally:2.consilio hanc omnes animisque volentibus urbem Adferimur,
Verg. A. 7, 216.—Predicatively.a.Agreeing with the subject-nom. or subject - acc.(α).Voluntarily, willingly, [p. 2011] gladly (class.):(β).(hi) divini generis appellentur... vobisque jure et lege volentes pareant,
Cic. Univ. 11 fin.:quas victi ab hostibus poenas metuerant, eas ipsi volentes pendere,
Sall. J. 76, 6:quia volentes in amicitiam non veniebant,
Liv. 21, 39, 4:si volentes ac non coacti mansissent in amicitia,
id. 24, 37, 7:quocunque loco seu volens seu invitus constitisti,
id. 7, 40, 13:itaque se numquam volentem parte qua posset rerum consilio gerendarum cessurum,
id. 22, 27, 9:(virtus), quidquid evenerit, feret, non patiens tantum, sed etiam volens,
Sen. Vit. Beat. 15, 5:non est referre gratiam quod volens acceperis nolenti reddere,
id. Ben. 4, 40, 4:volens vos Turnus adoro,
Verg. A. 10, 677; 3, 457; 6, 146;12, 833: date vina volentes,
id. ib. 8, 275: ipsa autem macie tenuant armenta volentes ( on purpose), id. G. 3, 129.—And referring to subjects denoting things: quos rami fructus, quos ipsa volentia rura Sponte tulere sua, carpsit ( spontaneously and willingly), Verg. G. 2, 500.—Favorably; with propitius, favorably and kindly, referring to the gods:b.precantes Jovem ut volens propitius praebeat sacra arma pro patria,
Liv. 24, 21, 10:precantibus ut volens propitiaque urbem Romanam iniret,
id. 29, 14, 13:in ea arce (Victoriam) sacratam, volentem propitiamque, firmam ac stabilem fore populo Romano,
id. 22, 37, 12; 1, 16, 3; 7, 26, 3; 24, 38, 8; Inscr. Orell. 2489 sq.—Parodied by Plautus:agite, bibite, festivae fores! fite mihi volentes propitiae,
Plaut. Curc. 1, 1, 89.— Abl. absol.:omnia diis propitiis volentibusque ea faciemus,
with the favor and help of the gods, Liv. 39, 16, 11 Weissenb. ad loc.:si (Jovem) invocem ut dexter ac volens assit,
Quint. 4, prooem. 5.—Agreeing with other terms of the sentence (rare): volenti consuli causa in Pamphyliam devertendi oblata est, a welcome cause was offered to the consul, etc., Liv. 38, 15, 3:c.quod nobis volentibus facile continget,
if we wish, Quint. 6, 2, 30:is Ariobarzanem volentibus Armeniis praefecit,
to their satisfaction, Tac. A. 2, 4:gemis... hominem, Urse, tuum, cui dulce volenti servitium... erat,
to whom his servitude was sweet, since he liked it, Stat. S. 2, 6, 15:me mea virtus, etc., fatis egere volentem,
Verg. A. 8, 133:saepe ille volentem castigabat erum,
administered kindly received rebukes, Stat. S. 2, 6, 50.—In the phrase aliquid mihi volenti est or putatur, etc., something is welcome, acceptable to me, pleases me (= volens habeo or accipio aliquid; cf. the Gr. Humin tauta boulomenois estin, and, mihi aliquid cupienti est; v. cupio;3.rare but class.): uti militibus exaequatus cum imperatore labos volentibus esset,
that the equalization of labor was acceptable to the soldier, Sall. J. 100, 4:quia neque plebei militia volenti putabatur,
id. ib. 84, 3 Dietsch:grande periculum maritumis civitatibus esse, et quibusdam volentibus novas res fore,
that to some a change of the government would be welcome, Liv. 21, 50, 10:quibus bellum volentibus erat, probare exemplum,
Tac. Agr. 18.— Impers. with subject - inf.: ceterisque remanere et in verba Vespasiani adigi volentibus fuit, to the rest it was acceptable to remain, etc., Tac. H. 3, 43.—With subject-inf. understood:si volentibus vobis erit, in medium profero quae... legisse memini,
Macr. S. 7, 13, 11:si volentibus vobis erit, diem fabulis et epulis exigamus,
id. ib. 1, 7; 2, 3 fin.; 6, 6 init. —As subst. (mostly post-Aug.).a.vŏlens, entis, m., = is qui vult, in the different meanings, and often with the construction of the verb.(α).One who wishes:(β).nunc cis Hiberum castra Romana esse, arcem tutam perfugiumque novas volentibus res,
Liv. 22, 22, 11:consulere se volentibus vacuas aures accommodavit,
Val. Max. 5, 8, 3:quid opus libertate si volentibus luxu perire non licet,
id. 2, 9, 5:discere meliora volentibus promptum est,
i. e. it depends on our own will to learn better things, Quint. 11, 11, 12:nec sum in hoc sollicitus, dum res ipsa volentibus discere appareat,
to the students, id. 8, 4, 15:mori volentibus vis adhibita vivendi,
Suet. Tib. 61.—One who intends, is about:(γ).juris ignorantia non prodest acquirere volentibus,
i. e. in the acquisition of property, Dig. 22, 6, 7:si quis volentem incipere uti frui prohibuit,
one who is about to enter upon a usufruct, ib. 43, 16, 3, § 14. —One who is willing:(δ).non refert quid sit quod datur, nisi a volente volenti datur,
unless it is both willingly given and received, Sen. Ben. 2, 18, 8:ducunt volentem fata, nolentem trahunt,
those willing to follow, id. Ep. 107, 11.—One who consents:(ε).tutiusque rati volentibus quam coactis imperitare,
to rule men with their consent, Sall. J. 102, 6:quippe rempublicam si a volentibus nequeat ab invitis jus expetituram,
peaceably if they could, forcibly if they must, Liv. 3, 40, 4:si quis aliam rem pro alia volenti solverit,
if one pays with the consent of the receiver, Dig. 46, 3, 46:nulla injuria est quae in volentem fiat,
ib. 47, 10, 1, § 5.—One who does a thing voluntarily:(ζ).pecuniam etiam a volentibus acceperant,
the contributions of money were voluntary, Vell. 2, 62, 3:parce, puer, stimulis... (solis equi) Sponte sua properant. Labor est inhibere volentis (i. e. properare),
Ov. M. 2, 128.—Volens = bene volens: munificus nemo habebatur nisi pariter volens, unless he was just as kindly disposed, sc. as he was liberal, Sall. J. 103, 6.—Often referring to a previously mentioned noun:b.hunc cape consiliis socium et conjunge volentem,
and unite with him, since he wishes it, Verg. A. 5, 712; so may be taken Ov. M. 2, 128 (v. e).—In the neutr. plur. (volentia) rare, always with dat., things pleasing, acceptable:2.Pompeius multis suspitionibus volentia plebi facturus habebatur,
that he would do what pleased the common people, Sall. H. 4, 31 Dietsch:haec atque talia plebi volentia fuere,
Tac. A. 15, 36 Draeg. ad loc. al.:iique Muciano volentia rescripsere,
id. H. 3, 52.—Hence, adv.: vŏlenter, willingly, App. M. 6, p. 178, 4.vŏlo, āvi, ātum ( part. gen. plur. volantūm, Verg. A. 6, 728; Lucr. 2, 1083), 1, v. n. [Sanscr. val-, to turn one's self, etc.; cf.: vŏlucer, vēlox, and vol- in velivolus], to fly.I.Lit.: ex alto... laeva volavit avis, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 48, 107 (Ann. v. 95 Vahl.):2. II.aves,
Lucr. 6, 742:accipitres,
id. 4, 1010:corvi,
id. 2, 822:altam supra volat ardea nubem,
Verg. G. 1, 364:volat ille per aëra magnum Remigio alarum,
id. A. 1, 300:columbae venere volantes,
id. ib. 6, 191; Prop. 2, 30 (3, 28), 30; Juv. 8, 251:apes,
Ov. A. A. 1, 96; cf. Plin. 10, 38, 54, § 112:volasse eum (Antonium), non iter fecisse diceres,
Cic. Phil. 10, 5, 11.—Prov.:sine pennis volare haud facile est,
Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 49.—Transf., to fly, i. e. to move swiftly like one flying, to fleet, speed, hasten along:3.i sane... vola curriculo,
Plaut. Pers. 2, 2, 17; cf.:per summa levis volat aequora curru,
Verg. A. 5, 819:medios volat ecce per hostes Vectus equo spumante Saces,
id. ib. 12, 650:illa (Argo) volat,
Ov. H. 6, 66:currus,
Verg. G. 3, 181:axis,
id. ib. 3, 107:nubes,
Lucr. 5, 254:fulmina,
id. 2, 213:tempestates,
id. 6, 612:telum,
id. 1, 971; cf. Sall. J. 60, 2; Verg. A. 9, 698; Liv. 26, 44, 7 al.:litterae Capuam ad Pompeium volare dicebantur,
Cic. Att. 2, 19, 3:volat aetas,
id. Tusc. 1, 31, 76:hora,
Sen. Hippol. 1141:fama,
Verg. A. 3, 121:et semel emissum volat irrevocabile verbum,
Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 71.— Poet., with inf.:ast Erebi virgo ditem volat aethere Memphim Praecipere et Phariā venientem pellere terrā,
Val. Fl. 4, 407.vŏlo, ōnis, m. [1. volo], a volunteer, first applied to the slaves who, after the battle at Cannæ, were enrolled upon their own expressed desire to serve (cf. Liv. 22, 57, 11; Val. Max. 7, 6, 1):volones dicti sunt milites, qui post Cannensem cladem usque ad octo milia, cum essent servi, voluntarie se ad militiam obtulere,
Paul. Diac. p. 370:volones, quia sponte hoc voluerunt, appellati,
Macr. S. 1, 11, 30:vetus miles tironi, liber voloni sese exaequari sineret,
Liv. 23, 35, 6; 23, 32, 1; Capitol. Anton. Phil. 21, 6; Macr. S. 1, 11, 30. -
16 cause
I [kɔːz]1) (reason) causa f., ragione f.there is, they have cause for concern — c'è, hanno motivo di essere preoccupati
to give sb. cause to do — dare a qcn. occasione o motivo di fare
2) (objective) causa f., ideale m.3) dir. (grounds) causa f.4) dir. (court action) causa f.II [kɔːz]matrimonial causes — cause di divorzio o separazione
verbo transitivo causare, provocare [damage, delay, suffering]; destare, suscitare [surprise, dismay]to cause sb. to cry — fare piangere qcn.
to cause sb. problems — dare problemi a qcn.
to cause trouble — dare problemi o noie
to cause cancer — provocare il cancro, essere cancerogeno
* * *[ko:z] 1. noun1) (something or someone that produces an effect or result: Having no money is the cause of all my misery.) causa2) (a reason for an action; a motive: You had no cause to treat your wife so badly.) motivo, ragione3) (an aim or concern for which an individual or group works: cancer research and other deserving causes; in the cause of peace.) causa2. verb(to make (something) happen; to bring about; to be the means of: What caused the accident?; He caused me to drop my suitcase.) causare* * *I [kɔːz]1) (reason) causa f., ragione f.there is, they have cause for concern — c'è, hanno motivo di essere preoccupati
to give sb. cause to do — dare a qcn. occasione o motivo di fare
2) (objective) causa f., ideale m.3) dir. (grounds) causa f.4) dir. (court action) causa f.II [kɔːz]matrimonial causes — cause di divorzio o separazione
verbo transitivo causare, provocare [damage, delay, suffering]; destare, suscitare [surprise, dismay]to cause sb. to cry — fare piangere qcn.
to cause sb. problems — dare problemi a qcn.
to cause trouble — dare problemi o noie
to cause cancer — provocare il cancro, essere cancerogeno
-
17 bellum
bellum (ante-class. and poet. duel-lum), i, n. [Sanscr. dva, dvi, dus; cf. Germ. zwei; Engl. two, twice; for the change from initial du- to b-, cf. bis for duis, and v. the letter B, and Varr. L. L. 5, § 73 Mull.; 7, § 49 ib.], war.I.Form duellum: duellum, bellum, videlicet quod duabus partibus de victoria contendentibus dimicatur. Inde est perduellis, qui pertinaciter retinet bellum, Paul. ex Fest. p. 66, 17 Mull.:II.bellum antea duellum vocatum eo quod duae sunt dimicantium partes... Postea mutata littera dictum bellum,
Isid. Orig. 18, 1, 9: hos pestis necuit, pars occidit illa duellis, Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 9, 861 P. (Ann. v. 549 Vahl.):legiones reveniunt domum Exstincto duello maximo atque internecatis hostibus,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 35:quae domi duellique male fecisti,
id. As. 3, 2, 13.—So in archaic style, or in citations from ancient documents:quique agent rem duelli,
Cic. Leg. 2, 8, 21:aes atque ferrum, duelli instrumenta,
id. ib. 2, 18, 45 (translated from the Platonic laws):puro pioque duello quaerendas (res) censeo,
Liv. 1, 32, 12 (quoted from ancient transactions); so,quod duellum populo Romano cum Carthaginiensi est,
id. 22, 10, 2:victoriaque duelli populi Romani erit,
id. 23, 11, 2:si duellum quod cum rege Antiocho sumi populus jussit,
id. 36, 2, 2;and from an ancient inscription' duello magno dirimendo, etc.,
id. 40, 52, 5.— Poet.:hic... Pacem duello miscuit,
Hor. C. 3, 5, 38:cadum Marsi memorem duelli,
id. ib. 3, 14, 18:vacuum duellis Janum Quirini clausit,
id. ib. 4, 15, 8; cf. id. Ep. 1, 2, 7; 2, 1, 254; 2, 2, 98; Ov. F. 6, 201; Juv. 1, 169— [p. 227]Form bellum.A.War, warfare (abstr.), or a war, the war (concr.), i.e. hostilities between two nations (cf. tumultus).1.Specifying the enemy.a.By adjj. denoting the nation:b.omnibus Punicis Siciliensibusque bellis,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 47, § 124:aliquot annis ante secundum Punicum bellum,
id. Ac. 2, 5, 13:Britannicum bellum,
id. Att. 4, 16, 13:Gallicum,
id. Prov. Cons. 14, 35:Germanicum,
Caes. B. G. 3, 28:Sabinum,
Liv. 1, 26, 4:Parthicum,
Vell. 2, 46, 2;similarly: bellum piraticum,
the war against the pirates, Vell. 2, 33, 1.—Sometimes the adj. refers to the leader or king of the enemy:Sertorianum bellum,
Cic. Phil. 11, 8, 18:Mithridaticum,
id. Imp. Pomp. 3, 7:Jugurthinum,
Hor. Epod. 9, 23; Vell. 2, 11, 1;similarly: bellum regium,
the war against kings, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 17, 50. —Or it refers to the theatre of the war:bellum Africanum, Transalpinum,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 10, 28:Asiaticum,
id. ib. 22, 64:Africum,
Caes. B. C. 2, 32 fin.:Actiacum,
Vell. 2, 86, 3:Hispaniense,
id. 2, 55, 2.—With gen. of the name of the nation or its leader: bellum Latinorum, the Latin war, i. e. against the Latins, Cic. N. D. 2, 2, 6:c.Venetorum,
Caes. B. G. 3, 16:Helvetiorum,
id. ib. 1, 40 fin.;1, 30: Ambiorigis,
id. ib. 6, 29, 4:Pyrrhi, Philippi,
Cic. Phil. 11, 7, 17:Samnitium,
Liv. 7, 29, 2.—With cum and abl. of the name.(α).Attributively:(β).cum Jugurtha, cum Cimbris, cum Teutonis bellum,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 20, 60:belli causa cum Samnitibus,
Liv. 7, 29, 3:hunc finem bellum cum Philippo habuit,
id. 33, 35, 12:novum cum Antiocho instabat bellum,
id. 36, 36, 7; cf. id. 35, 40, 1; 38, 58, 8; 39, 1, 8; 44, 14, 7.—With cum dependent on the verb:d.quia bellum Aetolis esse dixi cum Aliis,
Plaut. Capt. prol. 59:novi consules... duo bella habuere... alterum cum Tiburtibus,
Liv. 7, 17, 2; esp. with gero, v. 2. b. a infra.—With adversus and acc. of the name.(α).Attributively:(β).bellum adversus Philippum,
Liv. 31, 1, 8:bellum populus adversus Vestinos jussit,
id. 8, 29, 6.—With adversus dependent on the verb: quod homines populi Hermunduli adversus populum Romanum bellum fecere, Cincius ap. Gell. 16, 14, 1: nos pro vobis bellum suscepimus adversus Philippum. Liv. 31, 31, 18:e.ut multo acrius adversus duos quam adversus unum pararet bellum,
id. 45, 11, 8:bellum quod rex adversus Datamem susceperat,
Nep. Dat. 8, 5.—With contra and acc.:f.cum bellum nefarium contra aras et focos, contra vitam fortunasque nostras... non comparari, sed geri jam viderem,
Cic. Phil. 3, 1, 1:causam belli contra patriam inferendi,
id. ib. 2, 22, 53.—With in and acc. (very rare):g. h. k.Athenienses in Peloponnesios sexto et vicesimo anno bellum gerentes,
Nep. Lys. 1, 1.—With dat. of the enemy after inferre and facere, v. 2. a. k infra.—2.With verbs.a.Referring to the beginning of the war.(α).Bellum movere or commovere, to bring about, stir up a war:(β).summa erat observatio in bello movendo,
Cic. Off. 1, 11, 37:bellum commotum a Scapula,
id. Fam. 9, 13, 1:nuntiabant alii... in Apulia servile bellum moveri,
Sall. C. 30, 2:is primum Volscis bellum in ducentos amplius... annos movit,
Liv. 1, 53, 2:insequenti anno Veiens bellum motum,
id. 4, 58, 6:dii pium movere bellum,
id. 8, 6, 4; cf. Verg. A. 10, 627; id. G. 1, 509; so,concitare,
Liv. 7, 27, 5; and ciere ( poet.), Verg. A. 1, 541; 6, 829; 12, 158.—Bellum parare, comparare, apparare, or se praeparare bello, to prepare a war, or for a war:(γ).cum tam pestiferum bellum pararet,
Cic. Att. 9, 13, 3:bellum utrimque summopere parabatur,
Liv. 1, 23, 1; cf. id. 45, 11, 8 (v. II. A. 1. d. b supra); Nep. Hann. 2, 6; Quint. 12, 3, 5; Ov. M. 7, 456; so,parare alicui,
Nep. Alcib. 9, 5:bellum terra et mari comparat,
Cic. Att. 10, 4, 3:tantum bellum... Cn. Pompeius extrema hieme apparavit, ineunte vere suscepit, media aestate confecit,
id. Imp. Pomp. 12, 3, 5:bellum omnium consensu apparari coeptum,
Liv. 4, 55, 7:numquam imperator ita paci credit, ut non se praeparet bello,
Sen. Vit. Beat. 26, 2.—Bellum differre, to postpone a war:(δ).nec jam poterat bellum differri,
Liv. 2, 30, 7:mors Hamilcaris et pueritia Hannibalis distulerunt bellum,
id. 21, 2, 3; cf. id. 5, 5, 3.—Bellum sumere, to undertake, begin a war (not in Caesar):(ε).omne bellum sumi facile, ceterum aegerrume desinere,
Sall. J. 83, 1:prius tamen omnia pati decrevit quam bellum sumere,
id. ib. 20, 5:de integro bellum sumit,
id. ib. 62, 9:iis haec maxima ratio belli sumendi fuerat,
Liv. 38, 19, 3:sumi bellum etiam ab ignavis, strenuissimi cujusque periculo geri,
Tac. H. 4, 69; cf. id. A. 2, 45; 13, 34; 15, 5; 15, 7; id. Agr. 16.—Bellum suscipere (rarely inire), to undertake, commence a war, join in a war:(ζ).bellum ita suscipiatur ut nihil nisi pax quaesita videatur,
Cic. Off. 1, 23, 80:suscipienda quidem bella sunt ob eam causam ut, etc.,
id. ib. 1, 11, 35:judicavit a plerisque ignoratione... bellum esse susceptum,
join, id. Marcell. 5, 13; id. Imp. Pomp. 12, 35 (v. supra):cum avertisset plebem a suscipiendo bello,
undertaking, Liv. 4, 58, 14:senatui cum Camillo agi placuit ut bellum Etruscum susciperet,
id. 6, 9, 5:bella non causis inita, sed ut eorum merces fuit,
Vell. 2, 3, 3.—Bellum consentire = bellum consensu decernere, to decree a war by agreement, to ratify a declaration of war (rare):(η).consensit et senatus bellum,
Liv. 8, 6, 8:bellum erat consensum,
id. 1, 32, 12.—Bellum alicui mandare, committere, decernere, dare, gerendum dare, ad aliquem deferre, or aliquem bello praeficere, praeponere, to assign a war to one as a commander, to give one the chief command in a war:(θ).sed ne tum quidem populus Romanus ad privatum detulit bellum,
Cic. Phil. 11, 8, 18:populus Romanus consuli... bellum gerendum dedit,
id. ib.:cur non... eidem... hoc quoque bellum regium committamus?
id. Imp. Pomp. 17, 50:Camillus cui id bellum mandatum erat,
Liv. 5, 26, 3:Volscum bellum M. Furio extra ordinem decretum,
id. 6, 22, 6:Gallicum bellum Popilio extra ordinem datum,
id. 7, 23, 2:quo die a vobis maritimo bello praepositus est imperator,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 15, 44:cum ei (bello) imperatorem praeficere possitis, in quo sit eximia belli scientia,
id. ib. 16, 49:hunc toti bello praefecerunt,
Caes. B. G. 5, 11 fin.:alicui bellum suscipiendum dare,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 19, 58:bellum administrandum permittere,
id. ib. 21, 61.—Bellum indicere alicui, to declare war against (the regular expression; coupled with facere in the ancient formula of the pater patratus), also bellum denuntiare: ob eam rem ego... populo Hermundulo... bellum (in)dico facioque, Cincius ap. Gell. 16, 14, 1:(κ).ob eam rem ego populusque Romanus populis... Latinis bellum indico facioque,
Liv. 1, 32, 13:Corinthiis bellum indicamus an non?
Cic. Inv. 1, 12, 17:ex quo intellegi potest, nullum bellum esse justum nisi quod aut rebus repetitis geratur, aut denuntiatum ante sit et indictum,
id. Off. 1, 11, 36; id. Rep. 3, 23, 35:bellum indici posse existimabat,
Liv. 1, 22, 4:ni reddantur (res) bellum indicere jussos,
id. 1, 22, 6:ut... nec gererentur solum sed etiam indicerentur bella aliquo ritu, jus... descripsit quo res repetuntur,
id. 1, 32, 5; cf. id. 1, 32, 9; 2, 18, 11; 2, 38, 5; Verg. A. 7, 616.—Bellum inferre alicui (cf. contra aliquem, 1. e. supra; also bellum facere; absol., with dat., or with cum and abl.), to begin a war against ( with), to make war on:(λ).Denseletis nefarium bellum intulisti,
Cic. Pis. 34, 84:ei civitati bellum indici atque inferri solere,
id. Verr. 2, 1, 31, § 79:qui sibi Galliaeque bellum intulissent,
Caes. B. G. 4, 16; Nep. Them. 2, 4; Verg. A. 3, 248:bellumne populo Romano Lampsacena civitas facere conabatur?
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 31, § 79:bellum patriae faciet,
id. Mil. 23, 63; id. Cat. 3, 9, 22:civitatem Eburonum populo Romano bellum facere ausam,
Caes. B. G. 5, 28; cf. id. ib. 7, 2;3, 29: constituit bellum facere,
Sall. C. 26, 5; 24, 2:occupant bellum facere,
they are the first to begin the war, Liv. 1, 14, 4:ut bellum cum Priscis Latinis fieret,
id. 1, 32, 13:populus Palaepolitanis bellum fieri jussit,
id. 8, 22, 8; cf. Nep. Dion, 4, 3; id. Ages. 2, 1.— Coupled with instruere, to sustain a war:urbs quae bellum facere atque instruere possit,
Cic. Agr. 2, 28, 77.—Bellum facere had become obsolete at Seneca's time, Sen. Ep. 114, 17.—Bellum oritur or exoritur, a war begins:subito bellum in Gallia ex, ortum est,
Caes. B. G. 3, 7:aliud multo propius bellum ortum,
Liv. 1, 14, 4:Veiens bellum exortum,
id. 2, 53, 1.—(ante-class. and poet. ), i, n. [Sanscr. dva, dvi, dus; cf. Germ. zwei; Engl. two, twice; for the change from initial du- to b-, cf. bis for duis, and v. the letter B, and Varr. L. L. 5, § 73 Mull.; 7, § 49 ib.], war.I.Form duellum: duellum, bellum, videlicet quod duabus partibus de victoria contendentibus dimicatur. Inde est perduellis, qui pertinaciter retinet bellum, Paul. ex Fest. p. 66, 17 Mull.:II.bellum antea duellum vocatum eo quod duae sunt dimicantium partes... Postea mutata littera dictum bellum,
Isid. Orig. 18, 1, 9: hos pestis necuit, pars occidit illa duellis, Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 9, 861 P. (Ann. v. 549 Vahl.):legiones reveniunt domum Exstincto duello maximo atque internecatis hostibus,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 35:quae domi duellique male fecisti,
id. As. 3, 2, 13.—So in archaic style, or in citations from ancient documents:quique agent rem duelli,
Cic. Leg. 2, 8, 21:aes atque ferrum, duelli instrumenta,
id. ib. 2, 18, 45 (translated from the Platonic laws):puro pioque duello quaerendas (res) censeo,
Liv. 1, 32, 12 (quoted from ancient transactions); so,quod duellum populo Romano cum Carthaginiensi est,
id. 22, 10, 2:victoriaque duelli populi Romani erit,
id. 23, 11, 2:si duellum quod cum rege Antiocho sumi populus jussit,
id. 36, 2, 2;and from an ancient inscription' duello magno dirimendo, etc.,
id. 40, 52, 5.— Poet.:hic... Pacem duello miscuit,
Hor. C. 3, 5, 38:cadum Marsi memorem duelli,
id. ib. 3, 14, 18:vacuum duellis Janum Quirini clausit,
id. ib. 4, 15, 8; cf. id. Ep. 1, 2, 7; 2, 1, 254; 2, 2, 98; Ov. F. 6, 201; Juv. 1, 169— [p. 227]Form bellum.A.War, warfare (abstr.), or a war, the war (concr.), i.e. hostilities between two nations (cf. tumultus).1.Specifying the enemy.a.By adjj. denoting the nation:b.omnibus Punicis Siciliensibusque bellis,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 47, § 124:aliquot annis ante secundum Punicum bellum,
id. Ac. 2, 5, 13:Britannicum bellum,
id. Att. 4, 16, 13:Gallicum,
id. Prov. Cons. 14, 35:Germanicum,
Caes. B. G. 3, 28:Sabinum,
Liv. 1, 26, 4:Parthicum,
Vell. 2, 46, 2;similarly: bellum piraticum,
the war against the pirates, Vell. 2, 33, 1.—Sometimes the adj. refers to the leader or king of the enemy:Sertorianum bellum,
Cic. Phil. 11, 8, 18:Mithridaticum,
id. Imp. Pomp. 3, 7:Jugurthinum,
Hor. Epod. 9, 23; Vell. 2, 11, 1;similarly: bellum regium,
the war against kings, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 17, 50. —Or it refers to the theatre of the war:bellum Africanum, Transalpinum,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 10, 28:Asiaticum,
id. ib. 22, 64:Africum,
Caes. B. C. 2, 32 fin.:Actiacum,
Vell. 2, 86, 3:Hispaniense,
id. 2, 55, 2.—With gen. of the name of the nation or its leader: bellum Latinorum, the Latin war, i. e. against the Latins, Cic. N. D. 2, 2, 6:c.Venetorum,
Caes. B. G. 3, 16:Helvetiorum,
id. ib. 1, 40 fin.;1, 30: Ambiorigis,
id. ib. 6, 29, 4:Pyrrhi, Philippi,
Cic. Phil. 11, 7, 17:Samnitium,
Liv. 7, 29, 2.—With cum and abl. of the name.(α).Attributively:(β).cum Jugurtha, cum Cimbris, cum Teutonis bellum,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 20, 60:belli causa cum Samnitibus,
Liv. 7, 29, 3:hunc finem bellum cum Philippo habuit,
id. 33, 35, 12:novum cum Antiocho instabat bellum,
id. 36, 36, 7; cf. id. 35, 40, 1; 38, 58, 8; 39, 1, 8; 44, 14, 7.—With cum dependent on the verb:d.quia bellum Aetolis esse dixi cum Aliis,
Plaut. Capt. prol. 59:novi consules... duo bella habuere... alterum cum Tiburtibus,
Liv. 7, 17, 2; esp. with gero, v. 2. b. a infra.—With adversus and acc. of the name.(α).Attributively:(β).bellum adversus Philippum,
Liv. 31, 1, 8:bellum populus adversus Vestinos jussit,
id. 8, 29, 6.—With adversus dependent on the verb: quod homines populi Hermunduli adversus populum Romanum bellum fecere, Cincius ap. Gell. 16, 14, 1: nos pro vobis bellum suscepimus adversus Philippum. Liv. 31, 31, 18:e.ut multo acrius adversus duos quam adversus unum pararet bellum,
id. 45, 11, 8:bellum quod rex adversus Datamem susceperat,
Nep. Dat. 8, 5.—With contra and acc.:f.cum bellum nefarium contra aras et focos, contra vitam fortunasque nostras... non comparari, sed geri jam viderem,
Cic. Phil. 3, 1, 1:causam belli contra patriam inferendi,
id. ib. 2, 22, 53.—With in and acc. (very rare):g. h. k.Athenienses in Peloponnesios sexto et vicesimo anno bellum gerentes,
Nep. Lys. 1, 1.—With dat. of the enemy after inferre and facere, v. 2. a. k infra.—2.With verbs.a.Referring to the beginning of the war.(α).Bellum movere or commovere, to bring about, stir up a war:(β).summa erat observatio in bello movendo,
Cic. Off. 1, 11, 37:bellum commotum a Scapula,
id. Fam. 9, 13, 1:nuntiabant alii... in Apulia servile bellum moveri,
Sall. C. 30, 2:is primum Volscis bellum in ducentos amplius... annos movit,
Liv. 1, 53, 2:insequenti anno Veiens bellum motum,
id. 4, 58, 6:dii pium movere bellum,
id. 8, 6, 4; cf. Verg. A. 10, 627; id. G. 1, 509; so,concitare,
Liv. 7, 27, 5; and ciere ( poet.), Verg. A. 1, 541; 6, 829; 12, 158.—Bellum parare, comparare, apparare, or se praeparare bello, to prepare a war, or for a war:(γ).cum tam pestiferum bellum pararet,
Cic. Att. 9, 13, 3:bellum utrimque summopere parabatur,
Liv. 1, 23, 1; cf. id. 45, 11, 8 (v. II. A. 1. d. b supra); Nep. Hann. 2, 6; Quint. 12, 3, 5; Ov. M. 7, 456; so,parare alicui,
Nep. Alcib. 9, 5:bellum terra et mari comparat,
Cic. Att. 10, 4, 3:tantum bellum... Cn. Pompeius extrema hieme apparavit, ineunte vere suscepit, media aestate confecit,
id. Imp. Pomp. 12, 3, 5:bellum omnium consensu apparari coeptum,
Liv. 4, 55, 7:numquam imperator ita paci credit, ut non se praeparet bello,
Sen. Vit. Beat. 26, 2.—Bellum differre, to postpone a war:(δ).nec jam poterat bellum differri,
Liv. 2, 30, 7:mors Hamilcaris et pueritia Hannibalis distulerunt bellum,
id. 21, 2, 3; cf. id. 5, 5, 3.—Bellum sumere, to undertake, begin a war (not in Caesar):(ε).omne bellum sumi facile, ceterum aegerrume desinere,
Sall. J. 83, 1:prius tamen omnia pati decrevit quam bellum sumere,
id. ib. 20, 5:de integro bellum sumit,
id. ib. 62, 9:iis haec maxima ratio belli sumendi fuerat,
Liv. 38, 19, 3:sumi bellum etiam ab ignavis, strenuissimi cujusque periculo geri,
Tac. H. 4, 69; cf. id. A. 2, 45; 13, 34; 15, 5; 15, 7; id. Agr. 16.—Bellum suscipere (rarely inire), to undertake, commence a war, join in a war:(ζ).bellum ita suscipiatur ut nihil nisi pax quaesita videatur,
Cic. Off. 1, 23, 80:suscipienda quidem bella sunt ob eam causam ut, etc.,
id. ib. 1, 11, 35:judicavit a plerisque ignoratione... bellum esse susceptum,
join, id. Marcell. 5, 13; id. Imp. Pomp. 12, 35 (v. supra):cum avertisset plebem a suscipiendo bello,
undertaking, Liv. 4, 58, 14:senatui cum Camillo agi placuit ut bellum Etruscum susciperet,
id. 6, 9, 5:bella non causis inita, sed ut eorum merces fuit,
Vell. 2, 3, 3.—Bellum consentire = bellum consensu decernere, to decree a war by agreement, to ratify a declaration of war (rare):(η).consensit et senatus bellum,
Liv. 8, 6, 8:bellum erat consensum,
id. 1, 32, 12.—Bellum alicui mandare, committere, decernere, dare, gerendum dare, ad aliquem deferre, or aliquem bello praeficere, praeponere, to assign a war to one as a commander, to give one the chief command in a war:(θ).sed ne tum quidem populus Romanus ad privatum detulit bellum,
Cic. Phil. 11, 8, 18:populus Romanus consuli... bellum gerendum dedit,
id. ib.:cur non... eidem... hoc quoque bellum regium committamus?
id. Imp. Pomp. 17, 50:Camillus cui id bellum mandatum erat,
Liv. 5, 26, 3:Volscum bellum M. Furio extra ordinem decretum,
id. 6, 22, 6:Gallicum bellum Popilio extra ordinem datum,
id. 7, 23, 2:quo die a vobis maritimo bello praepositus est imperator,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 15, 44:cum ei (bello) imperatorem praeficere possitis, in quo sit eximia belli scientia,
id. ib. 16, 49:hunc toti bello praefecerunt,
Caes. B. G. 5, 11 fin.:alicui bellum suscipiendum dare,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 19, 58:bellum administrandum permittere,
id. ib. 21, 61.—Bellum indicere alicui, to declare war against (the regular expression; coupled with facere in the ancient formula of the pater patratus), also bellum denuntiare: ob eam rem ego... populo Hermundulo... bellum (in)dico facioque, Cincius ap. Gell. 16, 14, 1:(κ).ob eam rem ego populusque Romanus populis... Latinis bellum indico facioque,
Liv. 1, 32, 13:Corinthiis bellum indicamus an non?
Cic. Inv. 1, 12, 17:ex quo intellegi potest, nullum bellum esse justum nisi quod aut rebus repetitis geratur, aut denuntiatum ante sit et indictum,
id. Off. 1, 11, 36; id. Rep. 3, 23, 35:bellum indici posse existimabat,
Liv. 1, 22, 4:ni reddantur (res) bellum indicere jussos,
id. 1, 22, 6:ut... nec gererentur solum sed etiam indicerentur bella aliquo ritu, jus... descripsit quo res repetuntur,
id. 1, 32, 5; cf. id. 1, 32, 9; 2, 18, 11; 2, 38, 5; Verg. A. 7, 616.—Bellum inferre alicui (cf. contra aliquem, 1. e. supra; also bellum facere; absol., with dat., or with cum and abl.), to begin a war against ( with), to make war on:(λ).Denseletis nefarium bellum intulisti,
Cic. Pis. 34, 84:ei civitati bellum indici atque inferri solere,
id. Verr. 2, 1, 31, § 79:qui sibi Galliaeque bellum intulissent,
Caes. B. G. 4, 16; Nep. Them. 2, 4; Verg. A. 3, 248:bellumne populo Romano Lampsacena civitas facere conabatur?
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 31, § 79:bellum patriae faciet,
id. Mil. 23, 63; id. Cat. 3, 9, 22:civitatem Eburonum populo Romano bellum facere ausam,
Caes. B. G. 5, 28; cf. id. ib. 7, 2;3, 29: constituit bellum facere,
Sall. C. 26, 5; 24, 2:occupant bellum facere,
they are the first to begin the war, Liv. 1, 14, 4:ut bellum cum Priscis Latinis fieret,
id. 1, 32, 13:populus Palaepolitanis bellum fieri jussit,
id. 8, 22, 8; cf. Nep. Dion, 4, 3; id. Ages. 2, 1.— Coupled with instruere, to sustain a war:urbs quae bellum facere atque instruere possit,
Cic. Agr. 2, 28, 77.—Bellum facere had become obsolete at Seneca's time, Sen. Ep. 114, 17.—Bellum oritur or exoritur, a war begins:b.subito bellum in Gallia ex, ortum est,
Caes. B. G. 3, 7:aliud multo propius bellum ortum,
Liv. 1, 14, 4:Veiens bellum exortum,
id. 2, 53, 1.—Referring to the carrying on of the war: bellum gerere, to carry on a war; absol., with cum and abl., per and acc., or in and abl. (cf.:(β).bellum gerere in aliquem, 1. a. and f. supra): nisi forte ego vobis... cessare nunc videor cum bella non gero,
Cic. Sen. 6, 18:cum Celtiberis, cum Cimbris bellum ut cum inimicis gerebatur,
id. Off. 1, 12, 38:cum ei bellum ut cum rege Perse gereret obtigisset,
id. Div. 1, 46, 103:erant hae difficultates belli gerendi,
Caes. B. G. 3, 10:bellum cum Germanis gerere constituit,
id. ib. 4, 6:Cn. Pompeius in extremis terris bellum gerebat,
Sall. C. 16, 5:bellum quod Hannibale duce Carthaginienses cum populo Romano gessere,
Liv. 21, 1, 1:alter consul in Sabinis bellum gessit,
id. 2, 62, 3:de exercitibus per quos id bellum gereretur,
id. 23, 25, 5:Chabrias bella in Aegypto sua sponte gessit,
Nep. Chabr, 2, 1.—Sometimes bellum administrare only of the commander, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 15, 43; Nep. Chabr. 2, 1. —Also (very rare):bellum bellare,
Liv. 8, 40, 1 (but belligerantes is absol., Enn. ap. Cic. Off. 1, 12, 38; Ann. v. 201 Vahl.);in the same sense: bellum agere,
Nep. Hann. 8, 3. —As a synonym:bello persequi aliquem,
Nep. Con. 4, 1; cf. Liv. 3, 25, 3.—Trahere or ducere bellum, to protract a war:(γ).necesse est enim aut trahi id bellum, aut, etc.,
Cic. Att. 10, 8, 2:bellum trahi non posse,
Sall. J. 23, 2:belli trahendi causa,
Liv. 5, 11, 8:morae qua trahebant bellum paenitebat,
id. 9, 27, 5:suadere institui ut bellum duceret,
Cic. Fam. 7, 3, 2:bellum enim ducetur,
id. ad Brut. 1, 18, 6; Nep. Alcib. 8, 1; id. Dat. 8, 4;similarly: cum his molliter et per dilationes bellum geri oportet?
Liv. 5, 5, 1.—Bellum repellere, defendere, or propulsare, to ward off, defend one ' s self against a war:c.bellum Gallicum C. Caesare imperatore gestum est, antea tantummodo repulsum,
Cic. Prov. Cons. 13, 32:quod bellum non intulerit sed defenderit,
Caes. B. G. 1, 44:Samnitium vix a se ipsis eo tempore propulsantium bellum,
Liv. 8, 37, 5.—Referring to the end of a war.(α).Bellum deponere, ponere, or omittere, to give up, discontinue a war:(β).in quo (i.e. bello) et gerendo et deponendo jus ut plurimum valeret lege sanximus,
Cic. Leg. 2, 14, 34:(bellum) cum deponi victores velint,
Sall. J. 83, 1:bellum decem ferme annis ante depositum erat,
Liv. 31, 1, 8:nos depositum a vobis bellum et ipsi omisimus,
id. 31, 31, 19:dicit posse condicionibus bellum poni,
Sall. J. 112, 1:bellum grave cum Etruria positum est,
id. H. Fragm. 1, 9 Dietsch:velut posito bello,
Liv. 1, 53, 5:manere bellum quod positum simuletur,
id. 1, 53, 7:posito ubique bello,
Tac. H. 2, 52; cf. Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 93; Verg. A. 1, 291:omisso Romano bello Porsinna filium Arruntem Ariciam... mittit,
Liv. 2, 14, 5.—Bellum componere, to end a war by agreement, make peace:(γ).timerent ne bellum componeretur,
Cic. Fam. 10, 33, 3:si bellum compositum foret,
Sall. J. 97, 2:belli componendi licentiam,
id. ib. 103, 3; cf. Nep. Ham. 1, 5; id. Hann. 6, 2; id. Alcib. 8, 3; Verg. A. 12, 109;similarly: bellum sedare,
Nep. Dat. 8, 5.—Bellum conficere, perficere, finire, to finish, end a war; conficere (the most usual term) and perficere, = to finish a war by conquering; finire (rare), without implying success:d.is bellum confecerit qui Antonium oppresserit,
Cic. Fam. 11, 12, 2:bellumque maximum conficies,
id. Rep. 6, 11, 11:confecto Mithridatico bello,
id. Prov. Cons. 11, 27; cf. id. Fam. 5, 10, 3; id. Imp. Pomp. 14, 42:quo proelio... bellum Venetorum confectum est,
Caes. B. G. 3, 16; cf. id. ib. 1, 30; 1, 44; 1, 54; 3, 28;4, 16: bello confecto de Rhodiis consultum est,
Sall. C. 51, 5; cf. id. J. 36, 1; 114, 3:neminem nisi bello confecto pecuniam petiturum esse,
Liv. 24, 18, 11; cf. id. 21, 40, 11; 23, 6, 2; 31, 47, 4; 32, 32, 6;36, 2, 3: bello perfecto,
Caes. B. C. 3, 18, 5; Liv. 1, 38, 3:se quo die hostem vidisset perfecturum (i. e. bellum),
id. 22, 38, 7; 31, 4, 2; cf. id. 3, 24, 1; 34, 6, 12; Just. 5, 2, 11:neque desiturum ante... quam finitum aliqua tolerabili condicione bellum videro,
Liv. 23, 12, 10: finito ex maxima parte.. [p. 228] italico bello, Vell. 2, 17, 1; Curt. 3, 1, 9; Tac. A. 15, 17; Just. 16, 2, 6; 24, 1, 8; Verg. A. 11, 116.—Less usual connections:3.bellum delere: non modo praesentia sed etiam futura bella delevit,
Cic. Lael. 3, 11; cf. Nep. Alcib. 8, 4:alere ac fovere bellum,
Liv. 42, 11, 5:bellum navare alicui,
Tac. H. 5, 25:spargere,
id. A. 3, 21; id. Agr. 38; Luc. 2, 682:serere,
Liv. 21, 10, 4:circumferre,
Tac. A. 13, 37:exercere,
id. ib. 6, 31:quam celeriter belli impetus navigavit ( = quam celeriter navale bellum gestum est),
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 12, 34; so Flor. 2, 2, 17:bellum ascendit in rupes,
id. 4, 12, 4:bellum serpit in proximos,
id. 2, 9, 4; cf. id. 2, 2, 15:bella narrare,
Cic. Or. 9, 30:canere bella,
Quint. 10, 1, 91:bella legere,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 10, 28.—As object denoting place or time.a.Proficisci ad bellum, to depart for the war.(α).Of the commander:(β).consul sortitu ad bellum profectus,
Cic. Phil. 14, 2, 4; cf. id. Cat. 1, 13, 33:ipse ad bellum Ambiorigis profectus,
Caes. B. G. 6, 29, 4:ut duo ex tribunis ad bellum proficiscerentur,
Liv. 4, 45, 7; cf. id. 6, 2, 9: Nep. Alcib. 4, 1; Sall. H. 2, 96 Dietsch. —Post-class.:in bellum,
Just. 2, 11, 9; Gell. 17, 9, 8.—Of persons partaking in a war:b.si proficiscerer ad bellum,
Cic. Fam. 7, 3, 1. —Ad bellum mittere, of the commander, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 17, 50; 21, 62.—c.In bella ruere, Verg. A. 7, 782; 9, 182:d.in bella sequi,
id. ib. 8, 547.—Of time.(α).In the locative case belli, in war, during war; generally with domi ( = domi militiaeque):(β).valete, judices justissimi, domi bellique duellatores,
Plaut. Capt. prol. 68; so,domi duellique,
id. As. 3, 2, 13 (v. I. supra):quibuscunque rebus vel belli vel domi poterunt rem publicam augeant,
Cic. Off. 2, 24, 85:paucorum arbitrio belli domique agitabatur,
Sall. J. 41, 7:animus belli ingens, domi modicus,
id. ib. 63, 2; Liv. 2, 50, 11; 1, 36, 6; so id. 3, 43, 1; cf.:bello domique,
id. 1, 34, 12:domi belloque,
id. 9, 26, 21; and:neque bello, neque domi,
id. 4, 35, 3.—Without domi:simul rem et gloriam armis belli repperi,
Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 60 (where belli may be taken with gloriam; cf.Wagn. ad loc.): magnae res temporibus illis a fortissimis viris... belli gerebantur,
Cic. Rep. 2, 32, 86.—In bello or in bellis, during war or wars, in the war, in the wars; with adj.:(γ).ad haec quae in civili bello fecerit,
Cic. Phil. 2, 19, 47; cf. id. ib. 14, 8, 22:in ipso bello eadem sensi,
id. Marcell. 5, 14:in Volsco bello virtus enituit,
Liv. 2, 24, 8:in eo bello,
id. 23, 46, 6:in Punicis bellis, Plin.8, 14, 14, § 37: in bello Trojano,
id. 30, 1, 2, § 5.—Without adj.:ut fit in bello, capitur alter filius,
Plaut. Capt. prol. 25:qui in bello occiderunt,
Cic. Fam. 9, 5, 2:quod in bello saepius vindicatum est in eos, etc.,
Sall. C. 9, 4:non in bello solum, sed etiam in pace,
Liv. 1, 15, 8; 2, 23, 2:in bello parta,
Quint. 5, 10, 42; 12, 1, 28.—Abl. bello or bellis = in bello or in bellis (freq.); with adjj.: nos semper omnibus Punicis Siciliensibusque bellis amicitiam fidemque populi Romani secuti sumus. Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 47, § 124:(δ).bello Italico,
id. Pis. 36, 87:Veienti bello,
id. Div. 1, 44, 100:domestico bello,
id. Planc. 29, 70:qui Volsco, Aurunco Sabinoque militassent bello,
Liv. 23, 12, 11:victor tot intra paucos dies bellis,
id. 2, 27, 1:nullo bello, multis tamen proeliis victus,
id. 9, 18, 9:bello civili,
Quint. 11, 1, 36.—With gen.:praesentiam saepe divi suam declarant, ut et apud Regillum bello Latinorum,
Cic. N. D. 2, 2, 6:suam felicitatem Helvetiorum bello esse perspectam,
Caes. B. G. 1, 40.—Without attrib.:qui etiam bello victis regibus regna reddere consuevit,
Cic. Sest. 26, 57:res pace belloque gestas,
Liv. 2, 1, 1:egregieque rebus bello gestis,
id. 1, 33, 9; so id. 23, 12, 11:ludi bello voti,
id. 4, 35. 3:princeps pace belloque,
id. 7, 1, 9:Cotyn bello juvisse Persea,
id. 45, 42, 7:bello parta,
Quint. 5, 10, 15; cf. id. 7, 4, 22; Ov. M. 8, 19.—Inter bellum (rare):4.cujus originis morem necesse est... inter bellum natum esse,
Liv. 2, 14, 2:inter haec bella consules... facti,
id. 2, 63, 1.—Bellum in attributive connection.a.Justum bellum.(α).A righteous war, Cic. Off. 1, 11, 36 (v. II. A. 2. a. th supra):(β).justum piumque bellum,
Liv. 1, 23, 4:non loquor apud recusantem justa bella populum,
id. 7, 30, 17; so Ov. M. 8, 58; cf.: illa injusta sunt bella quae sine causa suscepta sunt, Cic. Rep. 3, 23, 35.—A regular war (opp. a raid, etc.):b.in fines Romanos excucurrerunt, populabundi magis quam justi more belli,
Liv. 1, 15, 1.—For the different kinds of war: domesticum, civile, intestinum, externum, navale, maritimum, terra marique gestum, servile, sociale; v. hh. vv.—c.Belli eventus or exitus, the result of a war:d.quicunque belli eventus fuisset,
Cic. Marcell. 8, 24:haud sane alio animo belli eventum exspectabant,
Sall. C. 37, 9:eventus tamen belli minus miserabilem dimicationem fecit,
Liv. 1, 23, 2; cf. id. 7, 11, 1:exitus hujus calamitosissimi belli,
Cic. Fam. 6, 21, 1:cum esset incertus exitus et anceps fortuna belli,
id. Marcell. 5, 15; so id. Off. 2, 8,:Britannici belli exitus exspectatur,
id. Att. 4, 16, 13:cetera bella maximeque Veiens incerti exitus erant,
Liv. 5, 16, 8.—Fortuna belli, the chances of war:e.adeo varia fortuna belli ancepsque Mars fuit ut,
Liv. 21, 1, 2; cf. Cic. Marcell. 5, 15 (v. c. supra).—Belli artes, military skill:f.cuilibet superiorum regum belli pacisque et artibus et gloria par,
Liv. 1, 35, 1:haud ignotas belli artes,
id. 21, 1, 2:temperata et belli et pacis artibus erat civitas,
id. 1, 21, 6.—Jus belli, the law of war: jura belli, the rights ( law) of war:g.in re publica maxime servanda sunt jura belli,
Cic. Off. 1, 11, 34:sunt et belli sicut pacis jura,
Liv. 5, 27, 6:jure belli res vindicatur,
Gai. Inst. 3, 94.—Belli duces praestantissimos, the most excellent captains, generals, Cic. Or. 1, 2, 7:h.trium simul bellorum victor,
a victor in three wars, Liv. 6, 4, 1 (cf.:victor tot bellis,
id. 2, 27, 1). —Belli vulnera, Cic. Marcell. 8, 24.—B.Transf.1.Of things concr. and abstr.:2.qui parietibus, qui tectis, qui columnis ac postibus meis... bellum intulistis,
Cic. Dom. 23, 60:bellum contra aras et focos,
id. Phil. 3, 1, 1:miror cur philosophiae... bellum indixeris,
id. Or. 2, 37, 155:ventri Indico bellum,
Hor. S. 1, 5, 8.—Of animals:3.milvo est quoddam bellum quasi naturale cum corvo,
Cic. N. D. 2, 49, 125:hanc Juno Esse jussit gruem, populisque suis indicere bellum,
Ov. M. 6, 92.—With individuals:4.quid mihi opu'st... cum eis gerere bellum, etc.,
Plaut. Stich. 1, 2, 14:nihil turpius quam cum eo bellum gerere quicum familiariter vixeris,
Cic. Lael. 21, 77:cum mihi uni cum improbis aeternum videam bellum susceptum,
id. Sull. 9, 28:hoc tibi juventus Romana indicimus bellum,
Liv. 2, 12, 11:falsum testem justo ac pio bello persequebatur,
id. 3, 25, 3:tribunicium domi bellum patres territat,
id. 3, 24, 1; cf. Plin. Ep. 1, 2, 57.—Ironically:equus Trojanus qui tot invictos viros muliebre bellum gerentes tulerit ac texerit,
Cic. Cael. 28, 67.—In mal. part., Hor. C. 3, 26, 3; 4, 1, 2.—5.Personified as god of war ( = Janus):6.tabulas duas quae Belli faciem pictam habent,
Plin. 35, 4, 10, § 27:sunt geminae Belli portae, etc.,
Verg. A. 7, 607:mortiferumque averso in limine Bellum,
id. ib. 6, 279.—Plur.: bella, army ( poet.):7.permanet Aonius Nereus violentus in undis, Bellaque non transfert (i.e. Graecorum exercitum),
Ov. M. 12, 24:sed victae fera bella deae vexere per aequora,
Sil. 7, 472:quid faciat bellis obsessus et undis?
Stat. Th. 9, 490.—Battle, = proelium:8.rorarii dicti a rore: qui bellum committebant ante,
Varr. L. L. 7, 3, 92:quod in bello saepius vindicatum in eos qui... tardius, revocati, bello excesserant,
Sall. C. 9, 4:praecipua laus ejus belli penes consules fuit,
Liv. 8, 10, 7:commisso statim bello,
Front. Strat. 1, 11, 2:Actia bella,
Verg. A. 8, 675:ingentem pugnam, ceu cetera nusquam Bella forent,
id. ib. 2, 439; cf. Flor. 3, 5, 11; Just. 2, 12; 18, 1 fin.; 24, 8; Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 98 (form duellum); Ov. H. 1, 1, 69; Verg. A. 8, 547; 12, 390; 12, 633; Stat. Th. 3, 666. —Bellum = liber de bello:b.quam gaudebat Bello suo Punico Naevius!
Cic. Sen. 14, 50.Referring to the carrying on of the war: bellum gerere, to carry on a war; absol., with cum and abl., per and acc., or in and abl. (cf.:(β).bellum gerere in aliquem, 1. a. and f. supra): nisi forte ego vobis... cessare nunc videor cum bella non gero,
Cic. Sen. 6, 18:cum Celtiberis, cum Cimbris bellum ut cum inimicis gerebatur,
id. Off. 1, 12, 38:cum ei bellum ut cum rege Perse gereret obtigisset,
id. Div. 1, 46, 103:erant hae difficultates belli gerendi,
Caes. B. G. 3, 10:bellum cum Germanis gerere constituit,
id. ib. 4, 6:Cn. Pompeius in extremis terris bellum gerebat,
Sall. C. 16, 5:bellum quod Hannibale duce Carthaginienses cum populo Romano gessere,
Liv. 21, 1, 1:alter consul in Sabinis bellum gessit,
id. 2, 62, 3:de exercitibus per quos id bellum gereretur,
id. 23, 25, 5:Chabrias bella in Aegypto sua sponte gessit,
Nep. Chabr, 2, 1.—Sometimes bellum administrare only of the commander, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 15, 43; Nep. Chabr. 2, 1. —Also (very rare):bellum bellare,
Liv. 8, 40, 1 (but belligerantes is absol., Enn. ap. Cic. Off. 1, 12, 38; Ann. v. 201 Vahl.);in the same sense: bellum agere,
Nep. Hann. 8, 3. —As a synonym:bello persequi aliquem,
Nep. Con. 4, 1; cf. Liv. 3, 25, 3.—Trahere or ducere bellum, to protract a war:(γ).necesse est enim aut trahi id bellum, aut, etc.,
Cic. Att. 10, 8, 2:bellum trahi non posse,
Sall. J. 23, 2:belli trahendi causa,
Liv. 5, 11, 8:morae qua trahebant bellum paenitebat,
id. 9, 27, 5:suadere institui ut bellum duceret,
Cic. Fam. 7, 3, 2:bellum enim ducetur,
id. ad Brut. 1, 18, 6; Nep. Alcib. 8, 1; id. Dat. 8, 4;similarly: cum his molliter et per dilationes bellum geri oportet?
Liv. 5, 5, 1.—Bellum repellere, defendere, or propulsare, to ward off, defend one ' s self against a war:c.bellum Gallicum C. Caesare imperatore gestum est, antea tantummodo repulsum,
Cic. Prov. Cons. 13, 32:quod bellum non intulerit sed defenderit,
Caes. B. G. 1, 44:Samnitium vix a se ipsis eo tempore propulsantium bellum,
Liv. 8, 37, 5.—Referring to the end of a war.(α).Bellum deponere, ponere, or omittere, to give up, discontinue a war:(β).in quo (i.e. bello) et gerendo et deponendo jus ut plurimum valeret lege sanximus,
Cic. Leg. 2, 14, 34:(bellum) cum deponi victores velint,
Sall. J. 83, 1:bellum decem ferme annis ante depositum erat,
Liv. 31, 1, 8:nos depositum a vobis bellum et ipsi omisimus,
id. 31, 31, 19:dicit posse condicionibus bellum poni,
Sall. J. 112, 1:bellum grave cum Etruria positum est,
id. H. Fragm. 1, 9 Dietsch:velut posito bello,
Liv. 1, 53, 5:manere bellum quod positum simuletur,
id. 1, 53, 7:posito ubique bello,
Tac. H. 2, 52; cf. Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 93; Verg. A. 1, 291:omisso Romano bello Porsinna filium Arruntem Ariciam... mittit,
Liv. 2, 14, 5.—Bellum componere, to end a war by agreement, make peace:(γ).timerent ne bellum componeretur,
Cic. Fam. 10, 33, 3:si bellum compositum foret,
Sall. J. 97, 2:belli componendi licentiam,
id. ib. 103, 3; cf. Nep. Ham. 1, 5; id. Hann. 6, 2; id. Alcib. 8, 3; Verg. A. 12, 109;similarly: bellum sedare,
Nep. Dat. 8, 5.—Bellum conficere, perficere, finire, to finish, end a war; conficere (the most usual term) and perficere, = to finish a war by conquering; finire (rare), without implying success:d.is bellum confecerit qui Antonium oppresserit,
Cic. Fam. 11, 12, 2:bellumque maximum conficies,
id. Rep. 6, 11, 11:confecto Mithridatico bello,
id. Prov. Cons. 11, 27; cf. id. Fam. 5, 10, 3; id. Imp. Pomp. 14, 42:quo proelio... bellum Venetorum confectum est,
Caes. B. G. 3, 16; cf. id. ib. 1, 30; 1, 44; 1, 54; 3, 28;4, 16: bello confecto de Rhodiis consultum est,
Sall. C. 51, 5; cf. id. J. 36, 1; 114, 3:neminem nisi bello confecto pecuniam petiturum esse,
Liv. 24, 18, 11; cf. id. 21, 40, 11; 23, 6, 2; 31, 47, 4; 32, 32, 6;36, 2, 3: bello perfecto,
Caes. B. C. 3, 18, 5; Liv. 1, 38, 3:se quo die hostem vidisset perfecturum (i. e. bellum),
id. 22, 38, 7; 31, 4, 2; cf. id. 3, 24, 1; 34, 6, 12; Just. 5, 2, 11:neque desiturum ante... quam finitum aliqua tolerabili condicione bellum videro,
Liv. 23, 12, 10: finito ex maxima parte.. [p. 228] italico bello, Vell. 2, 17, 1; Curt. 3, 1, 9; Tac. A. 15, 17; Just. 16, 2, 6; 24, 1, 8; Verg. A. 11, 116.—Less usual connections:3.bellum delere: non modo praesentia sed etiam futura bella delevit,
Cic. Lael. 3, 11; cf. Nep. Alcib. 8, 4:alere ac fovere bellum,
Liv. 42, 11, 5:bellum navare alicui,
Tac. H. 5, 25:spargere,
id. A. 3, 21; id. Agr. 38; Luc. 2, 682:serere,
Liv. 21, 10, 4:circumferre,
Tac. A. 13, 37:exercere,
id. ib. 6, 31:quam celeriter belli impetus navigavit ( = quam celeriter navale bellum gestum est),
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 12, 34; so Flor. 2, 2, 17:bellum ascendit in rupes,
id. 4, 12, 4:bellum serpit in proximos,
id. 2, 9, 4; cf. id. 2, 2, 15:bella narrare,
Cic. Or. 9, 30:canere bella,
Quint. 10, 1, 91:bella legere,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 10, 28.—As object denoting place or time.a.Proficisci ad bellum, to depart for the war.(α).Of the commander:(β).consul sortitu ad bellum profectus,
Cic. Phil. 14, 2, 4; cf. id. Cat. 1, 13, 33:ipse ad bellum Ambiorigis profectus,
Caes. B. G. 6, 29, 4:ut duo ex tribunis ad bellum proficiscerentur,
Liv. 4, 45, 7; cf. id. 6, 2, 9: Nep. Alcib. 4, 1; Sall. H. 2, 96 Dietsch. —Post-class.:in bellum,
Just. 2, 11, 9; Gell. 17, 9, 8.—Of persons partaking in a war:b.si proficiscerer ad bellum,
Cic. Fam. 7, 3, 1. —Ad bellum mittere, of the commander, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 17, 50; 21, 62.—c.In bella ruere, Verg. A. 7, 782; 9, 182:d.in bella sequi,
id. ib. 8, 547.—Of time.(α).In the locative case belli, in war, during war; generally with domi ( = domi militiaeque):(β).valete, judices justissimi, domi bellique duellatores,
Plaut. Capt. prol. 68; so,domi duellique,
id. As. 3, 2, 13 (v. I. supra):quibuscunque rebus vel belli vel domi poterunt rem publicam augeant,
Cic. Off. 2, 24, 85:paucorum arbitrio belli domique agitabatur,
Sall. J. 41, 7:animus belli ingens, domi modicus,
id. ib. 63, 2; Liv. 2, 50, 11; 1, 36, 6; so id. 3, 43, 1; cf.:bello domique,
id. 1, 34, 12:domi belloque,
id. 9, 26, 21; and:neque bello, neque domi,
id. 4, 35, 3.—Without domi:simul rem et gloriam armis belli repperi,
Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 60 (where belli may be taken with gloriam; cf.Wagn. ad loc.): magnae res temporibus illis a fortissimis viris... belli gerebantur,
Cic. Rep. 2, 32, 86.—In bello or in bellis, during war or wars, in the war, in the wars; with adj.:(γ).ad haec quae in civili bello fecerit,
Cic. Phil. 2, 19, 47; cf. id. ib. 14, 8, 22:in ipso bello eadem sensi,
id. Marcell. 5, 14:in Volsco bello virtus enituit,
Liv. 2, 24, 8:in eo bello,
id. 23, 46, 6:in Punicis bellis, Plin.8, 14, 14, § 37: in bello Trojano,
id. 30, 1, 2, § 5.—Without adj.:ut fit in bello, capitur alter filius,
Plaut. Capt. prol. 25:qui in bello occiderunt,
Cic. Fam. 9, 5, 2:quod in bello saepius vindicatum est in eos, etc.,
Sall. C. 9, 4:non in bello solum, sed etiam in pace,
Liv. 1, 15, 8; 2, 23, 2:in bello parta,
Quint. 5, 10, 42; 12, 1, 28.—Abl. bello or bellis = in bello or in bellis (freq.); with adjj.: nos semper omnibus Punicis Siciliensibusque bellis amicitiam fidemque populi Romani secuti sumus. Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 47, § 124:(δ).bello Italico,
id. Pis. 36, 87:Veienti bello,
id. Div. 1, 44, 100:domestico bello,
id. Planc. 29, 70:qui Volsco, Aurunco Sabinoque militassent bello,
Liv. 23, 12, 11:victor tot intra paucos dies bellis,
id. 2, 27, 1:nullo bello, multis tamen proeliis victus,
id. 9, 18, 9:bello civili,
Quint. 11, 1, 36.—With gen.:praesentiam saepe divi suam declarant, ut et apud Regillum bello Latinorum,
Cic. N. D. 2, 2, 6:suam felicitatem Helvetiorum bello esse perspectam,
Caes. B. G. 1, 40.—Without attrib.:qui etiam bello victis regibus regna reddere consuevit,
Cic. Sest. 26, 57:res pace belloque gestas,
Liv. 2, 1, 1:egregieque rebus bello gestis,
id. 1, 33, 9; so id. 23, 12, 11:ludi bello voti,
id. 4, 35. 3:princeps pace belloque,
id. 7, 1, 9:Cotyn bello juvisse Persea,
id. 45, 42, 7:bello parta,
Quint. 5, 10, 15; cf. id. 7, 4, 22; Ov. M. 8, 19.—Inter bellum (rare):4.cujus originis morem necesse est... inter bellum natum esse,
Liv. 2, 14, 2:inter haec bella consules... facti,
id. 2, 63, 1.—Bellum in attributive connection.a.Justum bellum.(α).A righteous war, Cic. Off. 1, 11, 36 (v. II. A. 2. a. th supra):(β).justum piumque bellum,
Liv. 1, 23, 4:non loquor apud recusantem justa bella populum,
id. 7, 30, 17; so Ov. M. 8, 58; cf.: illa injusta sunt bella quae sine causa suscepta sunt, Cic. Rep. 3, 23, 35.—A regular war (opp. a raid, etc.):b.in fines Romanos excucurrerunt, populabundi magis quam justi more belli,
Liv. 1, 15, 1.—For the different kinds of war: domesticum, civile, intestinum, externum, navale, maritimum, terra marique gestum, servile, sociale; v. hh. vv.—c.Belli eventus or exitus, the result of a war:d.quicunque belli eventus fuisset,
Cic. Marcell. 8, 24:haud sane alio animo belli eventum exspectabant,
Sall. C. 37, 9:eventus tamen belli minus miserabilem dimicationem fecit,
Liv. 1, 23, 2; cf. id. 7, 11, 1:exitus hujus calamitosissimi belli,
Cic. Fam. 6, 21, 1:cum esset incertus exitus et anceps fortuna belli,
id. Marcell. 5, 15; so id. Off. 2, 8,:Britannici belli exitus exspectatur,
id. Att. 4, 16, 13:cetera bella maximeque Veiens incerti exitus erant,
Liv. 5, 16, 8.—Fortuna belli, the chances of war:e.adeo varia fortuna belli ancepsque Mars fuit ut,
Liv. 21, 1, 2; cf. Cic. Marcell. 5, 15 (v. c. supra).—Belli artes, military skill:f.cuilibet superiorum regum belli pacisque et artibus et gloria par,
Liv. 1, 35, 1:haud ignotas belli artes,
id. 21, 1, 2:temperata et belli et pacis artibus erat civitas,
id. 1, 21, 6.—Jus belli, the law of war: jura belli, the rights ( law) of war:g.in re publica maxime servanda sunt jura belli,
Cic. Off. 1, 11, 34:sunt et belli sicut pacis jura,
Liv. 5, 27, 6:jure belli res vindicatur,
Gai. Inst. 3, 94.—Belli duces praestantissimos, the most excellent captains, generals, Cic. Or. 1, 2, 7:h.trium simul bellorum victor,
a victor in three wars, Liv. 6, 4, 1 (cf.:victor tot bellis,
id. 2, 27, 1). —Belli vulnera, Cic. Marcell. 8, 24.—B.Transf.1.Of things concr. and abstr.:2.qui parietibus, qui tectis, qui columnis ac postibus meis... bellum intulistis,
Cic. Dom. 23, 60:bellum contra aras et focos,
id. Phil. 3, 1, 1:miror cur philosophiae... bellum indixeris,
id. Or. 2, 37, 155:ventri Indico bellum,
Hor. S. 1, 5, 8.—Of animals:3.milvo est quoddam bellum quasi naturale cum corvo,
Cic. N. D. 2, 49, 125:hanc Juno Esse jussit gruem, populisque suis indicere bellum,
Ov. M. 6, 92.—With individuals:4.quid mihi opu'st... cum eis gerere bellum, etc.,
Plaut. Stich. 1, 2, 14:nihil turpius quam cum eo bellum gerere quicum familiariter vixeris,
Cic. Lael. 21, 77:cum mihi uni cum improbis aeternum videam bellum susceptum,
id. Sull. 9, 28:hoc tibi juventus Romana indicimus bellum,
Liv. 2, 12, 11:falsum testem justo ac pio bello persequebatur,
id. 3, 25, 3:tribunicium domi bellum patres territat,
id. 3, 24, 1; cf. Plin. Ep. 1, 2, 57.—Ironically:equus Trojanus qui tot invictos viros muliebre bellum gerentes tulerit ac texerit,
Cic. Cael. 28, 67.—In mal. part., Hor. C. 3, 26, 3; 4, 1, 2.—5.Personified as god of war ( = Janus):6.tabulas duas quae Belli faciem pictam habent,
Plin. 35, 4, 10, § 27:sunt geminae Belli portae, etc.,
Verg. A. 7, 607:mortiferumque averso in limine Bellum,
id. ib. 6, 279.—Plur.: bella, army ( poet.):7.permanet Aonius Nereus violentus in undis, Bellaque non transfert (i.e. Graecorum exercitum),
Ov. M. 12, 24:sed victae fera bella deae vexere per aequora,
Sil. 7, 472:quid faciat bellis obsessus et undis?
Stat. Th. 9, 490.—Battle, = proelium:8.rorarii dicti a rore: qui bellum committebant ante,
Varr. L. L. 7, 3, 92:quod in bello saepius vindicatum in eos qui... tardius, revocati, bello excesserant,
Sall. C. 9, 4:praecipua laus ejus belli penes consules fuit,
Liv. 8, 10, 7:commisso statim bello,
Front. Strat. 1, 11, 2:Actia bella,
Verg. A. 8, 675:ingentem pugnam, ceu cetera nusquam Bella forent,
id. ib. 2, 439; cf. Flor. 3, 5, 11; Just. 2, 12; 18, 1 fin.; 24, 8; Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 98 (form duellum); Ov. H. 1, 1, 69; Verg. A. 8, 547; 12, 390; 12, 633; Stat. Th. 3, 666. —Bellum = liber de bello:quam gaudebat Bello suo Punico Naevius!
Cic. Sen. 14, 50. -
18 do
do, dăre, dĕdi, dătum - tr. - - Quelques formes archaïques: - danunt = dant - duim = dem - duis = des - duit = det - duint = dent - duas = des - dane = dasne. - voir datum. - voir datus. - voir dato. [st1]1 [-] donner, offrir, confier, remettre, admettre, accorder, permettre, concéder, présenter. - Ea causa illam (= ancillam) emi, dono quam darem matri meae - Ne duas (illam), neve te advexisse dixeris, Plaut. Merc.: Je l'ai achetée pour la donner à ma mère - Ne la lui donne pas et ne dis pas que tu l'as ramenée. - dare alicui aliquid in manus: donner qqch à qqn en mains propres. - dare alicui copiam: donner à qqn la possibilité. - manus dare: se rendre. - dare terga: tourner le dos, fuir. - dare ut: - [abcl]a - accorder de (que). - [abcl]b - admettre que. - id certe non dant ut... Cic.: ils n'admettent certainement pas que... - dabat et famae, ut... Tac.: il tenait aussi à faire croire que... - da femina ne sim, Ov. M. 12: accorde-moi de n'être pas femme. - dare iter alicui per provinciam: permettre à qqn de passer par la province. - dare + adj. verbal: donner à (l’adjectif verbal a le sens de l’infinitif de but.) - agros locupletium colendos dedit, Cic.: il donna les terres des riches à cultiver. - dare id alicui cogitendum, Cic.: soumettre cela aux réflexions de qqn. - dare operam alicui rei: se consacrer à qqch. - dare operam ut + subj.: faire en sorte que. - dare bibere: donner à boire. - da mihi castra sequi: permets-moi de suivre le camp. - dare inter sese: [donner entre eux]= échanger mutuellement. - dantur opes nulli nunc nisi divitibus, Mart. 5, 81, 2: on ne prête qu'aux riches. - dare nomen: donner son nom, s’enrôler (pour le service militaire). - impers. - datur: il est donné, il est permis, on permet, on peut. - interim recedere sensim datur, Quint. 11, 3, 127: on peut toutefois se reculer tout doucement. - nonne cernere datur...? Plin-jn.: ne nous est-il pas donné de voir...? - dari sibi diem postulabat, Plin. Ep. 9: il demanda qu'on lui accordât un délai. - locus se dat: l’occasion se présente. - ut res dant sese, Ter.: selon que les choses se présentent, selon les circonstances. [st1]2 [-] mettre, remettre, livrer, abandonner; jeter, placer; servir (à table). - data pridie Kal. Decembr.: (lettre) datée de la veille des calendes de décembre. - hostes in fugam dare: mettre les ennemis en fuite. - aliquem in custodiam dare: mettre qqn en prison. - ad terram aliquem dare: jeter qqn à terre. - dare se aegritudini: s'abandonner à la tristesse. - dare aliquem leto, Phaedr.: mettre à mort qqn. - dare diripiendam urbem, Cic.: livrer la ville au pillage. - dare praedae, Liv.: livrer au pillage. - dare funera in rogos, Ov.: jeter des cadavres sur les bûchers. - dare alicui turdum, Hor.: servir une grive à qqn. [st1]3 [-] attribuer, imputer; fixer (un jour); imposer. - avec double dat. - vitio alicui aliquid dare: reprocher qqch à qqn. - crimini dedit mihi meam fidem: il m’a reproché ma bonne foi. - dare aliquid alicui laudi: louer qqn pour qqch. - dare diem colloquio: fixer un jour pour un entretien. - dare diem alicui: assigner qqn en justice. - dare alicui negotium ut...: donner à qqn la mission de... - Fabio datum ut... Liv.: on chargea Fabius de... [st1]4 [-] causer, provoquer, produire. - alicui damnum dare: causer du dommage à qqn. - dare foras librum (= edere librum), Cic. Att. 13: publier un livre. - dabat omnia tellus, Ov.: la terre produisait tout. [st1]5 [-] dire, exposer, raconter. - iste deus qui sit, da nobis, Virg.: dis-nous quel est ce dieu. - quam ob rem has partes didicerim, paucis dabo, Ter. Heaut.: pourquoi ai-je appris ce rôle? Je vais le dire en peu de mots. - Thessalici da bella ducis, Val. Fl. 5: chante les combats du héros thessalien. [st1]6 [-] nommer, prononcer (un jugement); juger. - dare sententiam: prononcer une sentence. - absentibus secundum praesentes dabat, Suet.: il donnait gain de cause aux parties présentes contre les absents. - dare litem secundum aliquem: donner gain de cause à qqn. - si contra te lis data erit, Gell.: si c'est à toi qu'on donne tort. [st1]7 [-] faire jouer, jouer, représenter une pièce (de théâtre). - dare fabulam: jouer une pièce. [st1]8 [-] locutions diverses. - in pedes se dare: s’enfuir. - se dare alicui, alicui rei: se consacrer à qqn, à qqch. - dare operam alicui rei: s'adonner à qqch, s'appliquer à qqch. - dare operam valetudini: s'occuper de sa santé. - poenas dare: subir un châtiment, être puni. - sic datur, Plaut.: tel est ton destin! tu as ce que tu mérites: attrape! - dare tabellam de aliquo: **donner au juge un bulletin pour qu'il prononce la sentence de qqn** = faire prononcer une sentence.* * *do, dăre, dĕdi, dătum - tr. - - Quelques formes archaïques: - danunt = dant - duim = dem - duis = des - duit = det - duint = dent - duas = des - dane = dasne. - voir datum. - voir datus. - voir dato. [st1]1 [-] donner, offrir, confier, remettre, admettre, accorder, permettre, concéder, présenter. - Ea causa illam (= ancillam) emi, dono quam darem matri meae - Ne duas (illam), neve te advexisse dixeris, Plaut. Merc.: Je l'ai achetée pour la donner à ma mère - Ne la lui donne pas et ne dis pas que tu l'as ramenée. - dare alicui aliquid in manus: donner qqch à qqn en mains propres. - dare alicui copiam: donner à qqn la possibilité. - manus dare: se rendre. - dare terga: tourner le dos, fuir. - dare ut: - [abcl]a - accorder de (que). - [abcl]b - admettre que. - id certe non dant ut... Cic.: ils n'admettent certainement pas que... - dabat et famae, ut... Tac.: il tenait aussi à faire croire que... - da femina ne sim, Ov. M. 12: accorde-moi de n'être pas femme. - dare iter alicui per provinciam: permettre à qqn de passer par la province. - dare + adj. verbal: donner à (l’adjectif verbal a le sens de l’infinitif de but.) - agros locupletium colendos dedit, Cic.: il donna les terres des riches à cultiver. - dare id alicui cogitendum, Cic.: soumettre cela aux réflexions de qqn. - dare operam alicui rei: se consacrer à qqch. - dare operam ut + subj.: faire en sorte que. - dare bibere: donner à boire. - da mihi castra sequi: permets-moi de suivre le camp. - dare inter sese: [donner entre eux]= échanger mutuellement. - dantur opes nulli nunc nisi divitibus, Mart. 5, 81, 2: on ne prête qu'aux riches. - dare nomen: donner son nom, s’enrôler (pour le service militaire). - impers. - datur: il est donné, il est permis, on permet, on peut. - interim recedere sensim datur, Quint. 11, 3, 127: on peut toutefois se reculer tout doucement. - nonne cernere datur...? Plin-jn.: ne nous est-il pas donné de voir...? - dari sibi diem postulabat, Plin. Ep. 9: il demanda qu'on lui accordât un délai. - locus se dat: l’occasion se présente. - ut res dant sese, Ter.: selon que les choses se présentent, selon les circonstances. [st1]2 [-] mettre, remettre, livrer, abandonner; jeter, placer; servir (à table). - data pridie Kal. Decembr.: (lettre) datée de la veille des calendes de décembre. - hostes in fugam dare: mettre les ennemis en fuite. - aliquem in custodiam dare: mettre qqn en prison. - ad terram aliquem dare: jeter qqn à terre. - dare se aegritudini: s'abandonner à la tristesse. - dare aliquem leto, Phaedr.: mettre à mort qqn. - dare diripiendam urbem, Cic.: livrer la ville au pillage. - dare praedae, Liv.: livrer au pillage. - dare funera in rogos, Ov.: jeter des cadavres sur les bûchers. - dare alicui turdum, Hor.: servir une grive à qqn. [st1]3 [-] attribuer, imputer; fixer (un jour); imposer. - avec double dat. - vitio alicui aliquid dare: reprocher qqch à qqn. - crimini dedit mihi meam fidem: il m’a reproché ma bonne foi. - dare aliquid alicui laudi: louer qqn pour qqch. - dare diem colloquio: fixer un jour pour un entretien. - dare diem alicui: assigner qqn en justice. - dare alicui negotium ut...: donner à qqn la mission de... - Fabio datum ut... Liv.: on chargea Fabius de... [st1]4 [-] causer, provoquer, produire. - alicui damnum dare: causer du dommage à qqn. - dare foras librum (= edere librum), Cic. Att. 13: publier un livre. - dabat omnia tellus, Ov.: la terre produisait tout. [st1]5 [-] dire, exposer, raconter. - iste deus qui sit, da nobis, Virg.: dis-nous quel est ce dieu. - quam ob rem has partes didicerim, paucis dabo, Ter. Heaut.: pourquoi ai-je appris ce rôle? Je vais le dire en peu de mots. - Thessalici da bella ducis, Val. Fl. 5: chante les combats du héros thessalien. [st1]6 [-] nommer, prononcer (un jugement); juger. - dare sententiam: prononcer une sentence. - absentibus secundum praesentes dabat, Suet.: il donnait gain de cause aux parties présentes contre les absents. - dare litem secundum aliquem: donner gain de cause à qqn. - si contra te lis data erit, Gell.: si c'est à toi qu'on donne tort. [st1]7 [-] faire jouer, jouer, représenter une pièce (de théâtre). - dare fabulam: jouer une pièce. [st1]8 [-] locutions diverses. - in pedes se dare: s’enfuir. - se dare alicui, alicui rei: se consacrer à qqn, à qqch. - dare operam alicui rei: s'adonner à qqch, s'appliquer à qqch. - dare operam valetudini: s'occuper de sa santé. - poenas dare: subir un châtiment, être puni. - sic datur, Plaut.: tel est ton destin! tu as ce que tu mérites: attrape! - dare tabellam de aliquo: **donner au juge un bulletin pour qu'il prononce la sentence de qqn** = faire prononcer une sentence.* * *Do, das, dedi, datum, dare. Donner, et faire celuy à qui l'on donne, seigneur de la chose donnee.\Da te mihi. Terent. Fay ce que je te diray.\Alicui se dare. Cic. S'addonner à suyvre aucun et le hanter, et aucunement s'assubjectir à luy.\Si viuo, adeo exornatum dabo, vt dum viuat, meminerit semper mei. Terent. Je l'accoustreray en telle sorte.\Oculos natura nobis ad motus animorum declarandos dedit. Cic. Nous a donné pour, etc.\Quis enim tibi dederit aut Deum omnia posse, aut, etc. Qui est ce qui t'accordera que, etc.\Puero quoque hoc a me dabis. Cic. De par moy.\Sed do hoc vobis et concedo, esse multos, etc. Cic. Je vous donne, accorde, et concede cela que, etc.\Da hoc illi mortuae, da caeteris amicis Cic. Fay cela pour l'amour et en faveur de la trespassee et de tes autres amis.\Exinde me ilico protinam dedi. Plaut. Je suis saillie incontinent hors de là.\Dare, Dicere. Plaut. Declarer, Dire.\Paucis dabo. Terent. Je declareray en brief.\Dare, Facere. Terent. Pol haud paternum istud dedisti. Ton pere ne t'avoit pas monstré de faire ceci, Tu as faict ici un tour que tu n'as pas apprins de ton pere.\Dabo statuam faciendam. Plaut. Je bailleray à faire.\Datur haec sexaginta minis. Plaut. On te la laisse pour, etc.\Vt res dant sese. Terent. Selon que les choses s'addonnent, ou viennent à poinct.\Vt se initia dederint, perscribas. Cic. Comme s'est porté le commencement.\Quod datur, accipio. Cic. Je me contente de ce qu'on me baille.\Dare actionem dicitur iudex, quando actiorem ad intendendam actionem admittit. Dicitur et Dare iudicium. Vlp. Vide actionem dare in AGO. Presenter ou mettre en barbe.\Dare aditum. Colum. Donner ou faire entree, Donner accez.\Adiumentum. Plaut. Aider, Faire avance.\Adiutorem ad rem aliquam. Terent. Donner aucun pour aide.\In adoptionem filium. Quintil. Donner son fils pour estre adopté par un autre.\In aequor se dare. Virgil. Se jecter en la mer.\Amplexus dare. Virgil. Embrasser.\Animam sub fasce dare. Virgil. Mourir soubs le fardeau.\Animos dare. Virgil. Donner courage, Encourager.\Animum suum alicui. Plaut. Mettre son cueur et son affection en luy.\Dant animum ad loquendum libere. Liu. Me donnent cueur et hardiesse de parler librement.\Animum moerori. Cic. Se contrister.\Annos venatibus. Valer. Flac. User ou employer son aage à la chasse.\Ansam ad reprehendendum. Cic. Bailler occasion.\Dare aquam in aluum. Celsus. Jecter dedens le ventre, comme un clystere.\Aquam manibus. Plaut. Verser de l'eaue sur les mains, Bailler à laver.\Arbitros dare. Caesar. Prouvoir les parties d'arbitres.\Auribus alicuius dare. Trebonius Ciceroni. Flatter aucun.\Aures dare. Seneca. Escouter, Prester l'oreille.\Aures suas alicui. Cic. Prester l'oreille, Donner audience.\Rem authorem. Plaut. Vide AVTHOR. Monstrer par effect.\Auxilia dare. Liu. Donner ou envoyer secours.\Beneficium dare. Cic. Faire plaisir.\Dare bibere. Terent. Donner à boire.\Boni multum alicui dare. Plaut. Faire grand bien.\Brachia dare ad funes. Ouid. Tendre les bras pour empoigner les chordes.\Brachia collo. Virgil. Accoller.\Caliginem dare. Liu. Donner obscurité.\Campo se dare. Virgil. Se mettre en plain champ.\Cantus dare. Virgil. Chanter.\Ad carnuficem dare. Plaut. Mettre entre les mains du bourreau.\Dare se in casum. Liu. Se mettre à l'adventure, et au hazard, Se hazarder.\Rem in casum dare, praelioque experiri statuit. Tacit. Adventurer.\In caueam dabo te. Plaut. Je te mettray en une cage.\Causam recusandi dare. Cic. Donner occasion.\Cibum ouibus dare. Varro. Donner à manger.\Ciuitatem alicui dare. Cic. Octroyer le droict de citoyen et de bourgeois en une ville.\Clamorem ad astra dare. Sil. Crier hault à merveilles.\Claritatem alicui dare. Plin. Le mettre en reputation, et luy donner bruit.\Claritatem arti alicui. Plin. La mettre en bruit.\Coenam alicui. Plaut. Donner à soupper.\Cognitionem Consulibus dat lex. Cic. Leur donne povoir et authorité d'en congnoistre.\Lacertis colla dare. Stat. Se laisser accoller.\Retro colla dare. Ouid. Tourner le col derriere.\Colloquium alicui dare. Liu. Le laisser parlementer avec soy.\Se comitem alicui. Liu. L'accompaigner, Luy faire compagnie.\Commeatum militi dare. Liu. Vide COMMEATVS. Luy donner congé pour quelque temps.\Connubia gentibus. Ouid. Donner des femmes en mariage.\Consilium dare. Terent. Donner conseil.\In conspectum dare. Terent. Presenter aucun, Mettre devant les yeulx, Mettre en barbe.\Se in conspectum alicuius dare. Cic. Se monstrer.\Se in consuetudinem vel familiaritatem alterius. Cic. Le hanter ordinairement, Prendre familiarité avec luy, Estre grandement son familier.\Copiam dare. Terent. Donner permission, Permettre.\Crimini dare. Cic. Accuser aucun, Mettre sus quelque cas à quelqu'un.\Crucibus. Plaut. Crucifier.\Curam alicui dare. Cic. Luy bailler charge.\In custodiam vel custodias dare. Liu. Emprisonner, Mettre en prison.\Se in custodiam dare. Cic. S'emprisonner soymesme.\Damnum dare. Plaut. Nuire et faire dommage.\Auxilia decus id non dant. Plin. Ne font pas avoir cest honneur.\Vos illi fugati exercitus dedistis decus. Liu. Vous luy avez donné l'honneur d'avoir mis en fuite, etc.\Defensionem dare. Suet. Ouir quelqu'un en ses defenses.\Dare se in delicias. Seneca. S'addonner à delices.\Dare dexteras. Plaut. Toucher en la main d'un autre.\Dextris inter se datis. Liuius. Ayant touché en la main l'un de l'autre.\Dexteram dare misero. Virgil. Aider et secourir.\Dare dextras, fidemque, haud impune adultero fore. Liu. Promettez en touchant en la main l'un de l'autre.\Haec vbi dicta dedit, stringit gladium. Liu. Apres avoir dict ces parolles.\Dicta dulcia dare. Plaut. Parler doulcement.\Diem. Cic. Donner jour, Adjourner.\Dari sibi diem ad diluenda crimina postulant. Plin. iunior. Ils demandent delay.\In discrimen legiones dare. Tacit. Mettre en danger.\Dare in diuitias filiam. Plaut. Marier richement.\Quo documentum dedistis hostibus, non cum Scipionibus extinctum esse nomen Romanum. Liu. Vous leur avez donné à congnoistre.\Dolorem alicui dare. Cic. Contrister aucun, Luy donner et faire ennuy.\Dolores ingentes. Horat. Donner et faire grans ennuis.\Se dolori dare. Plin. iunior. Se contrister.\Dare dono. Virgil. Donner en pur don.\Dotem dare. Terent. Donner dot, Assigner.\Dubitationem alicui. Caesar. Mettre en doubte et en crainte.\Duras alicui dare. Sub. poenas. Terent. Luy bailler fort à faire.\Epulas oculis dare. Plaut. Repaistre ses yeulx.\Esui dare. Plin. Bailler à manger.\Exceptionem alicui dare. Cic. Bailler exception.\Excidio ac ruinis opus aliquod dare. Liu. Destruire et ruiner, Demolir.\Da me excruciatum. Plaut. Tormente moy.\Exercitum ducendum dare. Liu. Donner la charge de conduire l'armee. \ Exilium dare alicui. Tacit. Bannir.\Exitio dare. Tacit. Faire mourir.\Expectationem dare. Cic. Mettre les gens en esperance.\Experimentum insignis artificii. Sueton. Faire preuve, Faire chef d'oeuvre.\Exuuias ad hostes dare. Plaut. Estre despouillé des ennemis.\Fabulam dare. Cic. Jouer une farce, ou Bailler une farce pour estre jouee. \ Factum dare. Plaut. Rendre faict.\Dare facere. Cic. Donner ou faire.\- dare facultatem obsecro Huic pariundi. Terent. Donnez luy l'aisance d'enfanter, Donnez luy le moyen.\His ego duobus generibus facultatem ad se aere alieno liberandas aut leuandas dedi. Cic. Je leur donnay le moyen.\Data est mihi facultas, vt meo arbitratu facerem. Cic. On m'a donné permission.\Famae aliquid dare. Horat. Faire quelque chose pour acquerir bruit et renommee.\Famae dare. Tacit. Publier, Divulguer, Semer par tout.\Famam celeritatis dare. Plin. Donner bruit.\Fidem dare. Cic. Promettre, Asseurer, Jurer.\Dare fiduciam. Liu. Asseurer, Donner hardiesse.\Flammas. Ouid. Jecter flamme.\Fluctibus dare se. Valer. Flac. Aller sur la mer, Se mettre sur mer.\Foenore dare. Plaut. Prester à usure, ou à interest.\In foenus. Varro. Bailler à usure, ou à interest.\Foras se dare. Lucret. Sortir dehors.\Foras vestem dare. Plaut. Prester sa robbe à quelqu'un qui n'est point de nostre maison.\Dare fraenos impotenti naturae et indomito animali. Liu. Bailler un mors pour donter, Bailler une bride, Tenir en bride et subjection.\Fructum meliorem arbores dare dicuntur. Columel. Porter meilleur fruict.\Fugam, stragemque. Liu. Mettre en fuite et tuer beaucoup de gens.\Dare aliquem in fugam. Caesar. Le faire fuir, Le mettre en fuite, Luy donner la chasse.\Gemitum dare. Virgil. Gemir.\Se gemitui dare. Cic. Se prendre à escrier doloreusement, et Mener dueil.\Gemmas digitis dare. Ouidius. Mettre en ses doigts des anneaux garniz de pierreries.\Dare aliquid gratiae alicuius. Liu. Faire quelque chose pour l'amour d'aucun.\Gustum dare. Senec. Donner une preuve ou essay, Faire une monstre de quelque chose parquoy on puist juger du reste, Donner à gouster et taster.\Gyros. Virgil. Apprendre à voltiger un cheval.\Habenas laxas dare. Virgil. Lascher la bride.\Quin te hilarem das mihi? Plautus. Que ne te resjouis tu, et fais bonne chere avec moy?\Dare aliquid honori alicuius. Senec. Faire quelque chose pour l'honneur d'aucun.\Hospitium dare. Ouid. Loger quelqu'un.\Hostem. Tacit. Presenter en barbe.\Iacturam dare. Plaut. Porter dommage.\Immunitatem muneris alicuius. Cic. Donner exemption d'aucune charge, Exempter.\Impetum dare. Liu. Donner dedens les ennemis, Courir de grand force et randon dedens les ennemis.\Impressionem. Liu. Donner de grande puissance dedens les ennemis, Choquer.\Impunitatem dare. Cic. Remettre la peine, Donner grace et remission ou pardon.\Incommodum. Cic. Faire dommage.\Indicia. Cic. Donner signes ou enseignes.\Inducias. Liu. Donner treves.\Insidias alicui dare. Plaut. Guetter, Espier, Tromper.\Iter. Liu. Donner passage.\Dare se itineribus. Cic. Se mettre à cheminer, S'acheminer.\Iucunditati se dare. Cic. S'esjouir.\Iugulum. Cic. Presenter le gosier pour souffrir et endurer la mort.\Iumentum. Terent. Donner aide, Aider et secourir.\Quum ius mihi dederis referendi ad te de quibus dubito. Plin. iunior. Veu que tu m'as donné loy et permission.\Iusiurandum. Plaut. Promettre par son serment, Promettre avec jurement.\Labem dare. Lucret. Cheoir, Tomber.\Se labori dare. Cic. Se mettre à travailler.\Lachrymas dare. Virgil. Larmoyer, Pleurer.\Me haec deambulatio ad languorem dedit. Terent. M'a fort lassé. \ Se in laqueum dare. Plaut. Se pendre.\Dat nemo largius. Terent. Il n'y a homme qui donne plus liberalement que luy.\Laudem alicui rei dare. Plin. La louer et priser.\Laudi dare. Cic. Louer.\Laxamentum legi dare. Cic. Donner quelque relasche.\Do lego. Iabolenus. Je luy donne et laisse.\Letho dare. Virgil. Tuer, Mettre à mort.\Libellos de re aliqua dare. Quintil. Composer et publier.\Pueris licentiam ludendi. Cic. Donner congé.\Linamentum dare in plagam. Celsus. Mettre de la charpie dedens la playe, ou une tente.\Lintea ventis dare. Ouid. Mettre la voile au vent.\Literas alicui dare. Cic. Bailler.\Literas alicui per aliquem. Cic. Envoyer par aucun.\Literas alicui ad aliquem. Cic. Bailler à quelqu'un pour porter à un autre.\Ad tuas literas ego eo ipso die dederam. Cic. Ce mesme jour j'avoye faict response à tes lettres.\Se alicui generi literarum dare. Cic. S'addonner, etc.\Locum dare. Plaut. Donner lieu.\Dare locum, pro Cedere. Terent. Faire place.\Ad ludendum se dare. Cic. S'addonner à jouer.\Magistros rerum esse dedit. Virg. Il les a faict et establi maistres et gouverneurs.\Malum alicui dare. Plaut. Faire du mal.\Mammam. Terent. Allaicter.\Dare mancipio, vel mancupio. Plaut. Vendre avec promesse de garantir.\Mandata dare. Cic. Bailler charge et commission.\Aliquid in mandatis. Plaut. Donner charge de quelque chose specialement parmi d'autres.\De manu pabulum porcis dare, cui opponitur Foris. Columel. De celuy qu'on ha de provision en sa maison, quand ils ne trouvent dequoy paistre aux champs.\Manum alicui dare. Plaut. Toucher en la main d'aucun en signe d'accord.\Manus alicui. Cic. Luy bailler ses mains, confessant estre vaincu, Se rendre et consentir à aucun, Luy donner gaigné.\Do manus. Cic. J'ay tort, Je le quicte, Je le vous donne gaigné.\Manus intus dare. Celsus. Mettre dedens, Fourrer dedens.\In manu dare. Cic. Bailler entre les mains, ou manuellement.\Aliquid in manum. Terent. Donner à aucun quelque chose secrettement, et sans tesmoing: comme à un juge qu'on veult corrompre, Mettre dedens la main.\Aliquid in manus hominum. Plin. iunior. Publier et mettre entre les mains des hommes quelque chose qu'on a faict.\Dare virginem alicui in manum. Terent. Quand un pere ou les tuteurs donnoyent une fille à aucun en mariage pour estre sa mere de famille et en puissance du mari, ce que toutes femmes n'estoyent pas.\Manu plena dare. Senec. Donner largement et beaucoup.\Dare manibus alterius. Liu. Faire quelque chose pour l'amour d'un trespassé. \ Materiam inuidiae. Cic. Donner occasion.\Ei filiam suam in matrimonium dat. Caesar. Il luy baille sa fille en mariage.\Super medicamentum glutinans dandum. Cels. Il fault mettre le medicament ou emplastre dessus.\Memoriae dare. Gell. Mettre par memoire et escrire.\Merita. Cic. Faire plaisir.\Modum alicui. Horat. Donner mesure.\Ad mortem dare. Plaut. Faire mourir, Mettre à mort.\Mores suos alteri dare. Plin. Luy apprendre sa facon de faire.\Motus dare. Virgil. Danser.\Muneri dare aliquid. Quintil. Donner en don.\Murmura dare. Ouid. Murmurer.\Mutuum. Terent. Cic. Prester.\Natalia dare. Cic. Faire banquet le jour de sa nativité.\Animal neci dare. Virgil. Tuer.\Dare negotium. Terent. Bailler charge.\Corpus in neruum ac supplicia dare. Liu. Pour estre mis au sep, et estre tormenté.\Nomen militiae et ad militiam dare. Liu. Se faire enrouler.\Nomen dare suo authori dicitur libellus. Ouid. Donner bruit et renommee.\Nomen alicui rei. Plin. Luy bailler nom, ou imposer.\Nouitatem vetustis dare. Plin. Faire une vieille chose neufve.\In nuptias dare. Terent. Bailler en mariage.\Nuptum dare filiam. Plaut. Bailler sa fille en mariage.\Obliuioni dare. Liu. Oublier.\Obsides dare. Caesar. Bailler ostage.\Obsidio datus alicui. Tacit. Baillé en ostage.\Obuiam dari. Terent. Estre rencontré.\Nihil est quod malim, quam illam totam familiam dari mihi obuiam. Terent. Rencontrer.\Operam. Terent. Mettre peine.\Operam alicui dare. Plaut. Luy aider.\Da mihi paulum operae. Terent. Aide moy un petit.\Ei rei operam dabant. Plaut. Ils ne taschoyent qu'à cela.\Ne te abduceret, operam dedi. Plaut. J'ay mis peine, J'ay donné ordre que, etc.\Benigne vt operam detis ad nostrum gregem. Plaut. Que vous nous oyez paisiblement.\Operam amori et desidiae. Plaut. Estre amoureux et s'addonner à paresse.\Operam aurium alicui dare. Plaut. L'escouter.\Operam auscultando. Plaut. Escouter.\Dare operam fabulae. Plaut. Escouter une fable.\Operam dare Platoni, et caeteris, pro Discipulum ei esse. Cic. L'ouir et estudier soubs luy, Estre son disciple.\Operam veteri domino. Plaut. Servir.\Id operam do vt, etc. Terent. Je mets peine à cela que, etc.\Operam liberis. Cic. Engendrer enfants.\Operam malam alicui dare. Plaut. Nuire.\Operam mutuam. Gell. Aider pour la pareille, A la charge d'en faire autant pour eulx, Prester une corvee.\Operam promissam. Plaut. Aider comme on a promis.\Operam rei. Terent. Mettre peine à acquerir des biens.\Operam sermoni reliquo. Cic. Parachever le reste de quelque propos.\Operam sermoni alicuius. Plaut. Escouter ce qu'il dit.\Operam somno. Plaut. Liu. Dormir.\Dare operam iuris ciuilis studio Q. Scaeuolae. Cic. Apprendre le droict civil soubs Scevola.\Operam tonsoribus. Suet. Faire accoustrer sa barbe et ses cheveuls et se faire peigner par le barbier.\Operam virtuti. Cic. Estudier à vertu.\- da mihi operam, vt Narrem quae volo. Plaut. Laisse moy raconter ce que je veulx.\Si des operam vt cum ratione insanias. Terent. Si tu mets peine, etc. \ Dabitur opera. Plaut. On y mettra peine.\Operas in portu dare. Cic. Avoir charge et entendre au faict du peage des ports et passages.\Operas in scriptura pro magistro. Cic. Entendre au faict de la ferme des forests et herbages pour le fermier.\Optionem dare. Liu. Donner le cheois.\Orationem alicui. Plaut. Donner audience, Laisser parler.\Oratorem. Plaut. Envoyer embassade.\Osculum dare, Osculari. Plaut. Baiser.\Se otio dare. Plaut. Se reposer.\Pacem dare. Plaut. Donner paix.\Danda palma docto oratori. Cic. Luy fault donner le pris.\Dare palmam alicui rei. Plin. La priser par dessus une autre.\Do palmam huic consilio. Terent. Ce conseil est le meilleur, Je luy donne le pris.\Partes alicui dare. Liu. Luy bailler charge.\Eloquentia, varietate, copia quam se cunque in partem dedisset, omnium fuit facile princeps. Cic. De quelque part qu'il se tournast.\Pausam conciliis. Lucret. Donner repos, Mettre fin.\Pectus dare ensibus. Seneca. Presenter et exposer sa poictrine aux espees.\In sumptum pecunias. Terent. Pour faire la despence.\Se in pedes dare. Terent. S'enfuir, Gaigner aux pieds.\Perniciem alicui dare. Cic. Donner malencontre.\Nae ego cum illo pignus haud ausim dare. Plaut. Je n'oseroye pas gager contre luy.\Da pignus, ni nunc peieres. Plaut. Fay gajure à moy que tu te parjures.\Pignori dare. Plaut. Bailler en gage, Engager.\Plagas dare. Plaut. Estre fouetté et batu.\Plausum. Cic. Heurter ou Frapper des pieds, Claquer des mains en signe de faveur.\Plausum pennis dare. Virgil. Battre des aelles.\Poculum alicui. Cic. Luy bailler quelque bruvage.\Poenas. Cic. Estre puni pour quelque meffaict, Comparoir quelque faulte.\Dedit poenas populo Romano. Cic. Le peuple romain a esté vengé de luy.\Potestatem. Plaut. Donner povoir et puissance.\In potestatem. Liu. Livrer entre les mains.\Potui dare. Celsus. Donner pour bruvages.\Potum arenti solo. Plin. Arrouser.\Praecipitem dare. Terent. Ruer du hault en bas, Precipiter.\In praeceps. Liu. Jecter du hault en bas. Et per translationem, Ruiner et destruire.\Praecepta dare. Virgil. Donner enseignements et doctrine.\Praeceptum. Liu. Faire commandement.\Ad eas res ab Epicuro praecepta dantur. Cic. Enseignements sont donnez.\In praemium. Liu. Pour remuneration et guerdon.\Quod praesens, tanquam in manu datur, iucundius est. Cic. Ce qu'on donne et qu'on livre quand et quand.\Dare praestare. Scaeuola. Bailler et delivrer.\Prandium. Plaut. Donner à disner.\Dare precibus alicuius. Plin. iunior. Octroyer la requeste à aucun, Faire quelque chose pour les prieres d'aucun.\Primas alicui rei dare. Cic. L'estimer la plus excellente de toutes les autres, Luy donner le premier lieu, La priser sur toutes les autres.\Principatum. Cic. Donner le premier lieu.\- quod dedit Principium adueniens? Terent. Quelle entree a il faicte?\Principium alicui rei dare. Lucret. Donner commencement.\Prolem dare. Virgil. Engendrer lignee.\Promissa. Catullus. Promettre.\Prouincias magistratibus, aut iis qui magistratu abierunt. Cic. Assigner et bailler à un d'iceulx le gouvernement de quelque province.\In publicum aliquid dare. Plin. iunior. Publier.\Pugnam. Plaut. Donner un assault, et faire quelque fascherie.\Ad purgationes cloacarum dare. Plin. iunior. Condemner à curer et nettoyer les esgousts de la ville.\In quaestionem dare seruos dicebatur dominus. Author ad Heren. Quand le maistre anciennement livroit ses serfs, et consentoit qu'on leur baillast la torture pour enquerir la verité de quelque faict concernant l'interest d'autruy.\Quietem membris dare. Virgil. Donner repos.\Quieti corpora. Liu. Reposer et dormir.\Se dare quieti ex labore. Caes. Se reposer apres avoir travaillé.\Rationem dare. Plaut. Donner le moyen de faire quelque chose.\Receptum facilem aut celerem. Caesar. Bailler aisee retraicte à gens de guerre.\Recessum. Caesar. Donner lieu pour reculer.\Reditum gloriosum alicui. Cic. Donner retour honorable.\Seruos ad remum dabamus. Liu. Nous fournissions chascun d'un nombre de serfs pour tirer à la rame.\Requiem nullam dare. Plin. iunior. Ne cesser.\Responsum dare. Cic. Faire response.\Risus alicui dare. Horat. Luy donner occasion de rire, le faire rire.\Oculis ruborem dare. Ouid. Faire rougir.\Dare in ruborem. Plaut. Faire devenir rouge.\Ruinam dare. Virgil. Tomber impetueusement.\Dare saltus. Ouid. Saulter.\Salutem alicui. Cic. Luy sauver la vie.\Salutem aduenienti. Plaut. Le saluer.\Quaenam vnquam ob mortem Myrtili poenis luendis dabitur satietas supplicii? Cic. Quand sera on saoul de, etc.\Dare se alicui. Terent. Se donner à aucun, et se mettre en sa sauvegarde. C'est aussi se laisser gouverner par aucun, et faire tout ce qu'il vouldra.\Alicui se dare ad docendum. Cic. Prendre la peine d'enseigner aucun.\Senatum legatis dare. Liu. Assembler le Senat pour donner audience aux embassadeurs.\Sententiam dare. Cic. Dire sa sentence.\Ad sepulturam dare. Cic. Enterrer.\Se sermonibus vulgi dare. Cic. Tascher à avoir la grace du peuple, et estre haultement loué de luy.\Se in sermonem aliorum dare familiariter. Cic. Se mesler parmi leur propos.\Seruandum dare. Terent. Donner en garde, Donner à garder.\Signum dare. Terent. Faire signe.\Signum oculis. Plautus, Oculis mihi signum dedit ne se appellarem. Il me feit signe des yeulx que je ne disse point son nom.\Signum tuba. Caes. Sonner la trompette.\Signum receptui. Liu. Sonner la retraicte.\Signi satis dedit, siquid esset quod posset dicere, se tacere non posse. Cic. Il a assez monstré et donné à congnoistre que, etc.\Silentium dare. Terent. Se taire, Faire silence, Ne faire point de bruit.\Solatia. Cic. Donner grand soulas et passetemps.\Se somno dare. Cic. Se mettre à dormir.\Membra sopori dare. Horat. Dormir.\Spatium conglobandi se, respirandi, aut docendi aliquem: et ad se colligendum et deliberandum. Liu. Caesar. Cic. Donner le temps et le loisir.\Speciem indolis clarum dare. Plin. iunior. Donner quelque grand signe et enseigne de bonté naturelle.\Specimen sui. Liu. Faire preuve de soy.\Spectandum dare. Plaut. Monstrer à quelqu'un, Bailler à regarder.\Spem dare. Plaut. Cic. Donner esperance.\Spiramentum. Plin. Bailler air.\In splendorem bullas forium dare. Plaut. Les brunir et faire reluire.\In stipendium pecuniam dare. Caesar. Pour la soulde des gensd'armes.\Stragem dare, pro Facere. Liu. Faire grande tuerie de gens.\Studii plurimum in literis dare. Quintil. Mettre grande estude aux lettres.\Suauium dare. Cic. Atticae meis verbis suauium des. Baise la à ma requeste.\Supplicium alicui de se dare. Plaut. Estre puni par aucun.\Suspicionem timoris dare. Caes. Faire semblant qu'on ha crainte, Mettre les gens en souspecon qu'on ha crainte d'eulx.\Symbolum dare. Terent. Contribuer à l'escot pour sa part avec les autres.\Da te hodie mihi. Terent. Je te prie fay aujourd'huy à ma fantasie, Fay ce que je vouldray.\Tempus, menses, diem alicui rei dare. Cic. Employer.\Tempus colloquio non dare. Caes. N'assigner point jour pour parlementer.\Nesciebas quam eiusmodi homini raro tempus se daret? Plaut. Combien peu souvent l'opportunite et occasion s'addonnoit.\Dum tempus datur. Terentius. Ce pendant que nous avons le temps.\Terga dare. Liu. Monstrer les talons, Tourner le dos et s'enfuir.\Ad terram dare. Suet. Jecter par terre.\Testes in aliquem dare. Cic. Produire tesmoings.\Testem Iouem dare. Plaut. Jurer par Jupiter.\Testimonium dare. Cic. Porter tesmoignage.\Testimonium quod ei apud me dederas. Cic. Le tesmoignage que tu m'avois porté de luy.\In timorem dare. Plaut. Faire peur à quelqu'un, Espovanter.\Se in tormenta dare. Cic. Aller franchement aux torments.\Transitum. Liu. Donner passage.\Tribunali reliquam partem diei dare. Plin. iunior. Employer certaines heures du jour à ouir les plaids, et dire droict, et rendre justice.\Turbas dare. Plaut. Faire troubles, Fascheries, Grandes crieries.\Vadem. Cic. Donner caution en matiere capitale de se representer au jour.\Vbera. Ouid. Allaicter, Donner la mammelle.\Vela. Ouid. Faire voile.\Vela in altum dare. liu. Desployer les voiles pour aller en haulte mer.\Vela dare, per translationem. Cic. Faire voile.\Ad id, vnde aliquis flatus ostenditur, vela do. Cic. Je fay voile à touts vents.\Vela indignationi dare. Plin. iunior. Parler de grande vehemence et cholere, et se laisser quasi emporter à son affection.\Veniam. Plaut. Pardonner.\Age, da veniam. Terent. Accorde luy sa requeste, Ne le tiens plus en si grand transe.\Da mihi hanc veniam. Cic. Fay moy ce bien de me laisser, etc. Octroye moy ceste requeste.\Veniam alicuius diei dare. Liu. Dispenser aucun de povoir faire en un jour, ce qui ne se povoit faire par les loix, Dispenser aucun contre la rigueur d'un jour qui est festé ou ferié.\Verbera Ponto dare. Ouid. Battre la mer.\Verba dare alicui. Valer. Flac. Le laisser parler.\In verba dare recuperatores. Cic. Quaerebant quae in verba recuperatores daret. Ils demandoyent la teneur de la commission addressant à ceulx qui devoyent congnoistre de la cause.\Verba alicui dare. Plaut. Paistre aucun de parolles et le tromper.\Viam. Plaut. Liu. Faire voye.\Dare viam, per translationem. Cic. Donner le moyen.\In viam se dare. Cic. Se mettre en chemin, S'acheminer.\Victum dare. Plaut. Donner à manger.\In vincula dare. Liu. Mettre en prison.\Vitio dare. Cic. Blasmer ou reprendre.\Voces dare. Ouid. Parler, Prononcer parolles.\Alicui voluptatem. Plaut. Resjouir aucun et bailler esbat.\Voluptatibus se dare. Cic. S'addonner à voluptez.\Vsum nominis dare. Ouid. Permettre qu'on use de quelque nom.\Vsuram horae gladiatori isti ad viuendum non dedissem. Cic. Je ne l'eusse pas laissé vivre une heure.\Vsuram lucis dare. Cic. Laisser vivre aucun, Ne le tuer point.\Vtendum aliquid dare. Plaut. Prester quelque chose.\Vxorem alicui dare. Terent. Luy bailler sa fille ou parente à femme.\Datum. Teren. Est istuc datum profecto, vt grata mihi sint quae facio omnia. C'est un don que Dieu m'a donné, etc.\Datum III Idus Iunii. Cic. Donné le, etc. ou Ces lettres furent donnees aux messagiers le, etc.\Siccine oportet ire amicos homini amanti operam datum? Plaut. L'aider en ceste maniere?\Quantum mihi cernere datur. Plin. iunior. Autant que je puis veoir, Selon que je puis veoir et juger.\Si dabitur. Quintil. Si je puis, S'il m'est permis. -
19 per
1. prep formezzo byper qualche giorno for a few daysper questa ragione for that reasonper tutta la notte throughout the nightper iscritto in writingper esempio for exampledieci per cento ten per centuno per uno one by one2. conj: per fare qualcosa (in order) to do somethingstare per be about to* * *per prep.1 ( moto per luogo) through; ( lungo) along; up, down; ( sopra) over; all over; ( senza direzione fissa) about, (a)round: il treno passa per Bologna, the train passes through Bologna; il corteo sfilerà per le vie principali della città, the procession will pass through (o will go along) the main streets of the city; si entra per la porta laterale, you enter through the side door; correre per i campi, to run through the fields; guardò per il buco della serratura, he looked through the keyhole; un pensiero le passò per la mente, a thought passed through her mind; siamo venuti per quel sentiero, we came along that path; scendere ( giù) per la collina, salire (su) per la collina, to go down the hill, to go up the hill; per mare e per terra, over land and sea; andare per il mondo, to go all over (o round) the world; hanno girato per tutta la città senza trovare un albergo, they went all over (o all round) the town without finding a hotel; aveva dolori per tutto il corpo, he had aches and pains all over his body (o he was aching all over) // una retta passante per un punto, a straight line passing through a point2 ( moto a luogo, destinazione) for; to: parto domani per Roma, I'm leaving for Rome tomorrow; a che ora parte il primo aereo per Parigi?, what time does the first plane for Paris take off?; dovete prendere l'autostrada per Como, you must take the motorway for Como; a causa dello sciopero, i traghetti per le isole sono sospesi, owing to the strike, ferry crossings to the islands are suspended // va per i quaranta, he's going on for forty3 ( stato in luogo) in, on; (all) over: per la strada, in the street; era seduto per terra, he was sitting on the ground; c'erano vari oggetti sparsi per il pavimento, there were various objects scattered (all) over the floor // avere la testa per aria, to have one's head in the clouds4 ( estensione, misura) for: l'autostrada si snoda per oltre 200 chilometri, the motorway runs for over 200 kilometres; proseguimmo in auto per un'altra decina di chilometri, we drove on for another ten miles or so; camminarono per miglia e miglia senza incontrare anima viva, they walked for miles and miles without meeting a soul5 ( durante) for (spesso in ingl. non si traduce); ( per un certo periodo di tempo o per una determinata occasione) for; ( per un intero periodo di tempo) (all) through; throughout; for; ( entro) by: per mezz'ora, (for) half an hour; ha vissuto per tre anni in America, he lived three years in America (o he lived in America for three years); abbiamo aspettato per ore, we waited (for) hours; il lavoro dev'essere pronto per domani, the work must be ready for (o by) tomorrow; darò una festa per il mio compleanno, I'm having a party for my birthday; la mostra è in programma per aprile, the exhibition is planned for April; ho un appuntamento col dentista per lunedì pomeriggio, I have a dental appointment for Monday afternoon; il libro uscirà per Natale, the book will come out (in time) for Christmas; sarò di ritorno per le cinque, I'll be back by five o'clock; i lavori di restauro saranno ultimati per la fine dell'anno, restoration work will be completed by the end of the year6 ( mezzo) by; through: per ferrovia, by rail; per posta, by post; per via aerea, by air mail; rispondere per lettera, per telegramma, to reply by letter, by telegram; spedire un pacco per corriere, to send a parcel by carrier; comunicare (con qlcu.) per telefono, to communicate (with s.o.) by phone; pagare per assegno, to pay by cheque; pagare per contanti, to pay cash; per vie legali, through legal channels; ottenere un posto per concorso, to get a job through a competitive examination // parlare per bocca d'altri, to speak through someone else's mouth // per mezzo di, by, by means of, through [cfr. mediante ]7 ( modo) by; in: procedere per gradi, to proceed by degrees; chiamare qlcu. per nome, to call s.o. by name; tenere qlcu. per (la) mano, to hold s.o. by the hand; desidero che sia messo per iscritto, I want it put in writing8 ( causa) for; owing to; because of; on account of; out of; through: fu premiato per il suo coraggio, he was rewarded for his courage; ha lasciato il lavoro per motivi di salute, he gave up his job owing to (o because of o on account of) ill health; il progetto fallì per mancanza di fondi, the scheme failed for lack of money; non si vedeva per la nebbia, you couldn't see a thing for the fog; era esausto per la fatica, he was exhausted through his efforts; tutto è successo per causa tua, it all happened because (o on account) of you; pagherà per quello che ha fatto, he will pay for what he has done; per dispetto, ambizione, orgoglio, out of spite, ambition, pride; per paura, through fear; ho taciuto, per paura di offenderlo, I kept quiet, for fear of offending him9 ( colpa) for: è stato arrestato per furto, he was arrested for theft; fu processato per omicidio, he was tried for murder10 ( fine o scopo) for: la lotta per la sopravvivenza, the struggle for survival; una cura per l'artrite, a cure for arthritis; raccogliere fondi per i senzatetto, to collect money for the homeless // cibo per cani, dog food // musica per pianoforte, piano music // libri per ragazzi, children's books // macchina per scrivere, typewriter // casa di riposo per anziani, old people's rest home // istituto per la ricerca sul cancro, cancer research institute ∙ Come si vede dagli esempi, in questo significato sono spesso usate forme aggettivali11 ( termine, vantaggio, interesse, inclinazione) for, to: fallo per me, do it for me; questi fiori sono per te, these flowers are for you; il fumo è nocivo per la salute, smoking is bad for one's health; l'ho fatto per il suo bene, I did it for his own good; mi dispiace per lui, I'm sorry for him; è un onore, un disonore per la sua famiglia, he's a credit to, a disgrace to his family; è stato come un padre per lui, he was like a father to him; morire per la patria, to die for one's country; votare per un candidato, to vote for a candidate; coltivare la passione per la musica, to cultivate a passion for music; nutrire simpatia per qlcu., to have a liking for s.o.; la partita è terminata 3 a 2 per la squadra di casa, the game ended 3 to 2 for the home team12 ( limitazione) for: il Brasile detiene il primato mondiale per la produzione di caffè, Brazil holds the world record for coffee production; è superiore a tutti per capacità tecniche e organizzative, he is unrivalled for technical and organizing ability; è molto maturo per la sua età, he's (very) mature for his age // per me, per quanto mi riguarda, as for me, as far as I'm concerned // se non fosse per me, te ecc., but for me, you etc. (o if it were not for me, you etc.)13 ( prezzo o stima) for: ha venduto la casa per un milione, he sold his house for one million euros; ho acquistato questo tavolo per pochissimo, per niente, I bought this table for next to nothing; sono stati rubati quadri per oltre due milioni, paintings worth (o for) over two million euros have been stolen // non lo farei per tutto l'oro del mondo, I wouldn't do it for all the world (o for all the tea in China)14 (con valore distr.) by; at; in; per: procedere per due, to go two by two; dividere per classi, to divide by class; disporre per file, to arrange in rows; uno, due per volta, one, two at a time; l'ingresso è di 20 euro per persona, entrance costs 20 euros per head // per cento, per cent: pagare un interesse del dieci per cento, to pay ten per cent interest // giorno per giorno, day by day15 (mat.) by: dividere 60 per 10, to divide 60 by 10; moltiplicare per tre, to multiply by three; 4 per 4 fa 16, 4 multiplied by (o times) 4 is 1616 (con funzione predicativa, con valore di come) as; for: avere qlcu. per amico, per socio, to have s.o. as a friend, as a partner // entrare per primo, to enter first // dare per scontato, to take for granted // tenere per certo, to take as a certainty // dare per morto, to give up for dead17 ( scambio, sostituzione) for: ti avevo preso per tuo fratello, I'd taken you for your brother; mi prendi per stupido?, do you take me for a fool?; ha parlato lui per tutti noi, he spoke for all of us; per il preside ha firmato il vicepreside, the deputy (head) signed for the head // capire una cosa per un'altra, to misunderstand // lasciare il certo per l'incerto, to take a leap in the dark.◆ FRASEOLOGIA: per l'avvenire, for the future (o from now on); per amor di Dio, per amor mio, for God's (o for goodness') sake, for my sake; per l'appunto, just so (o precisely); per esempio, for example; per caso, by chance; per fortuna, luckily; per la maggior parte, for the most part (o mostly); per lo più, generally; per il momento, for the time being; per natura, by nature; per nulla!, not at all!; per tempo, ( presto) early, ( in tempo utile) in (good) time, on time; parola per parola, word for word; per parte di padre, on one's father's side; per amore o per forza, whether you like it or not (o willy nilly); per niente al mondo, for love or money; cambiare per il meglio, to change for the better.per cong.1 ( con valore finale) (in order) to (+ inf.); for (+ ger.): andai da lui per avere un consiglio, I went to him in order to get some advice (o I went to him for advice); sono venuto per parlarti, I've come to speak to you; ce n'è voluta per convincerlo!, it took a lot to convince him (o he took a lot of convincing); un prodotto usato per impermeabilizzare i tessuti, a product used for waterproofing material2 ( con valore causale) for (+ ger.): fummo rimproverati per essere arrivati in ritardo, we were told off for arriving late; fu multato per aver superato i limiti di velocità, he was fined for speeding3 (con valore consecutivo) to: è troppo bello per essere vero, it's too good to be true; sei abbastanza grande per capirlo da solo, you're old enough to understand it by yourself4 ( con valore concessivo) per poco che sia, è meglio di niente, little as it is, it's better than nothing; per costoso che fosse, era un gran bell'appartamento, although it was expensive, it was a beautiful flat; per essere un ragazzo di 10 anni è molto maturo, for a boy of 10 he's very mature5 stare per fare qlco., essere lì lì per fare qlco., ( con valore perifrastico) to be about to do sthg. (o to be on the point of doing sthg. o to be just going to do sthg.): stiamo per partire, we're about to leave (o we're just going to leave o we're on the point of leaving); ero lì lì per confessare tutto, I was on the point of confessing everything; lo spettacolo sta per cominciare, the show is about to begin.* * *[per] 1.viaggiare per il mondo — to go around o travel the world
il treno per Roma — the train for o to Rome
per terra — on the ground o floor
4) (fine)per questo bisognerà fare — for that, you'll have to do
5) (causa)6) (vantaggio, svantaggio)per il tuo bene — for your own good o sake
pregare per qcn. — to pray for sb.
è per la ricerca sul cancro — it's for o in aid of cancer research
per quanto tempo...? — how long...?
sarà pronto per lunedì — it'll be ready for o by Monday
per ora o il momento for the moment, for the time being; dovrei arrivare per le sei — I should be there by six o'clock
9) (mezzo)prendere qcs. per il manico — to pick sth. up by the handle
10) (modo, maniera)per gradi — by degrees o stages
prendere qcn. per mano — to take sb. by the hand
11) (concessione)per quanto ricco sia — however rich he may be, rich though he may be
per poco traffico che ci sia,... — even though there's not much traffic...
per quanto ci provasse,... — try as he might, he
per quanto (ne) sappia io — as o so far as I know
per me ha torto — as far as I am concerned, he's wrong
13) (prezzo)comprare qcs. per 5 euro — to buy sth. for 5 euros
14) mat.moltiplicare, dividere per due — to multiply, divide by two
15) (distributivo)per persona — per head, each
due, tre per volta — two, three at a time
16) (predicativo)dare qcs. per scontato — to take sth. for granted
finire per fare qcs. — to end up doing sth.
dare qcn. per morto — to give sb. up o write sb. off for dead
avere qcn. per professore — to have sb. as a professor
stavo per telefonarti — I was going to o I was just about to phone you
2.per l'amor di Dio! — for God's o heaven's sake!
2) (finale)3) (causale)4) (concessiva)per ricco che sia — however rich he may be, rich as he may be
5) (limitativa)per andare va, ma è una vecchia carretta — I'm not saying it doesn't run, but it's an old banger
* * *per/per/1 (moto per luogo) girare per le strade to wander through the streets; passare per la finestra to pass through the window; viaggiare per il mondo to go around o travel the world; ha tagliato per i campi he cut across the fields2 (destinazione) il treno per Roma the train for o to Rome; l'aereo per Milano the plane to Milan; partire per il Messico to leave for Mexico4 (fine) uscire per comprare il giornale to go out to buy the newspaper; per questo bisognerà fare for that, you'll have to do5 (causa) per colpa tua because of you; picchiarsi per una donna to fight over a woman; rosso per la rabbia red with anger; gridare per il dolore to cry out in pain; lo fa per interesse he does it out of interest6 (vantaggio, svantaggio) per il tuo bene for your own good o sake; peggio per te! so much the worse for you! pregare per qcn. to pray for sb.; danni enormi per l'economia enormous damage to the economy; è per la ricerca sul cancro it's for o in aid of cancer research; 2 a 1 per l'Italia 2-1 for Italy7 (tempo continuato) per ore e ore for hours; per i primi due anni for the first two years; per un istante for a moment; per tutta la notte all night (long); per tutto il viaggio throughout the journey; per quanto tempo...? how long...?8 (tempo determinato) sarà pronto per lunedì it'll be ready for o by Monday; per ora o il momento for the moment, for the time being; dovrei arrivare per le sei I should be there by six o'clock9 (mezzo) per mare by sea; per telefono by phone; per posta by post o mail; prendere qcs. per il manico to pick sth. up by the handle11 (concessione) per quanto ricco sia however rich he may be, rich though he may be; per poco traffico che ci sia,... even though there's not much traffic...; per quanto ci provasse,... try as he might, he...12 (per quanto riguarda) per quanto (ne) sappia io as o so far as I know; per quel che mi riguarda as far as I am concerned; per me ha torto as far as I am concerned, he's wrong13 (prezzo) comprare qcs. per 5 euro to buy sth. for 5 euros14 mat. moltiplicare, dividere per due to multiply, divide by two; 3 per 3 fa 9 3 by 3 is; per cento → percento15 (distributivo) 1 litro di benzina per 15 chilometri 1 litre of petrol every 15 kilometres; per persona per head, each; giorno per giorno day by day; poco per volta little by little; due, tre per volta two, three at a time; dividere per età to divide according to age16 (predicativo) ho solo te per amico you're the only friend I've got; dare qcs. per scontato to take sth. for granted; finire per fare qcs. to end up doing sth.; dare qcn. per morto to give sb. up o write sb. off for dead; avere qcn. per professore to have sb. as a professor17 (per indicare il futuro prossimo) stavo per telefonarti I was going to o I was just about to phone youII congiunzione1 (consecutivo) è troppo bello per essere vero it's too good to be true; ha abbastanza soldi per comprare una macchina he has enough money to buy a car2 (finale) vado a Londra per imparare l'inglese I'm going to London to learn English; lo dico per non offenderti I say this in order not to offend you3 (causale) fu arrestato per avere rapinato la banca he was arrested for robbing the bank4 (concessiva) per ricco che sia however rich he may be, rich as he may be5 (limitativa) per andare va, ma è una vecchia carretta I'm not saying it doesn't run, but it's an old banger.\See also notes... (per.pdf) -
20 volō
volō (2d pers. vīs, 3d pers. volt or vult, plur. volumus, voltis or vultis, volunt; vīn for vīsne, T., H.; sīs for sī vīs, T., C., L.), voluī, velle [1 VOL-], to will, wish, want, purpose, be minded, determine: Nolo volo, volo nolo rursum, I won't I will, I will I won't again, T.: Nolunt ubi velis, ubi nolis cupiunt ultro, T.: quis est cui velle non liceat? who is not free to wish?: sed ego hoc ipsum velle miserius esse duco quam, etc., i. e. that very ambition: inest velle in carendo, wanting includes wishing: ait rem seriam Velle agere mecum, T.: quod eas quoque nationes adire volebat, Cs.: si haec relinquere voltis, S.: cuicunque nocere volebat, Vestimenta dabat, H.: quid arbitramini Rheginos merere velle ut Venus illa auferatur? would take for, etc.: Fabula quae posci volt et spectata reponi, i. e. which is meant to be in demand, etc., H.: sed licere, si velint, in Ubiorum finibus considere, Cs.: daret utrum vellet, subclamatum est, L.; cf. volo Dolabellae valde desideranti, non reperio quid, i. e. to dedicate some book: neminem notā strenui aut ignavi militis notasse volui, I have decided to mark no one, etc., L.: Sunt delicta quibus ignovisse velimus, i. e. which should be pardoned, H.: edicta mitti ne quis... coisse aut convenisse causā sacrorum velit, L.; cf. Interdico, ne extulisse extra aedīs puerum usquam velis, T.: Oscula praecipue nulla dedisse velis (i. e. noli dare), O.: nostri... leges et iura tecta esse volue<*>unt: sociis maxime lex consultum esse volt: Id nunc res indicium haec facit, quo pacto factum volueris, shows why you wished it to be done, T.: Hannibal non Capuam neglectam volebat, L.: liberis consultum volumus propter ipsos: scin' quid nunc facere te volo? T.: vim volumus exstingui: qui salvam rem p. vellent esse, L.: si vis me flere, H.: qui se ex his minus timidos existimari volebant, Cs.: si me vivom vis, pater, Ignosce, if you wish me to live, T.: soli sunt qui te salvum velint: regnari tamen omnes volebant, that there should be a king, L.: mihi volo ignosci, I wish to be pardoned: quid vis, nisi ut maneat Phanium? T.: velim ut tibi amicus sit: Ducas volo hodie uxorem, T.: volo etiam exquiras quid Lentulus agat?: nullam ego rem umquam in vitā meā Volui quin, etc., I never had any wish in my life, etc., T.: (dixit) velle Hispaniam, he wanted Spain (as a province): nummos volo, I want the money: si amplius obsidum vellet, dare pollicentur, Cs.: pacem etiam qui vincere possunt, volunt, L.: quorum isti neutrum volunt, acknowledge neither: voluimus quaedam, we aspired to certain things: si plura velim, if I wished for more, H.—With acc. of person, to call for, demand, want, wish, desire: Quis me volt? T.: Centuriones trium cohortium me velle postridie: Sosia, Adesdum, paucis te volo (sc. verbis), I want a few words with you, T.: quam volui nota fit arte meā, she whom I love, O.: illam velle uxorem, to want her for a wife, T.—With acc. of person and thing, to want... of, require... from: Num quid aliud me vis? T.: si quid ille se velit, etc., Cs.—With dat. of person for whom a wish is expressed: Praesidium velle se senectuti suae, wants a guard for his old age, T.: nihil est mali quod illa non filio voluerit, she wished her son every misfortune.—Esp., with bene or male: tibi bene ex animo volo, I heartily wish you well, T.: qui mihi male volunt, my enemies, T. —With causā and gen. of person, to be interested in, be concerned for, be well disposed to: te ipsius causā vehementer omnia velle, heartily wish him all success; cf. qui nostrā causā volunt, our friends. —With subj., in softened expressions of desire or command: ego quae in rem tuam sint, ea velim facias (i. e. fac), T.: eum salvere iubeas velim, please salute him: velim mihi ignoscas, I beg your pardon: haec pro causā meā dicta accipiatis velim, L.: Musa velim memores, etc., H.: de Menedemo vellem verum fuisset, I wish it had been true: vellem equidem idem posse gloriari quod Cyrus, I wish I could, etc.; cf. Tum equidem istuc os tuum inpudens videre nimium vellem! I wish I could have seen, etc., T.: Abiit, vah! rogasse vellem, I wish I had asked him, T.: Et vellem, et fuerat melius, V.: vellem tum tu adesses, I wish you could be present: vellem Idibus Martiis me ad cenam invitasses, I wish you had invited, etc.: de tuis velim ut eo sis animo, quo debes esse: quod faxitis, deos velim fortunare, L.: virum me natum vellem, would I had been born a man, T.: Nunc mihi... Vellem, Maeonide, pectus inesse tuum, O.: Te super aetherias errare licentius auras Haud pater ille velit, etc., i. e. volt, V.: velim scire ecquid de te recordere: sed multitudo ea quid animorum... habeat scire velim, L.: nec velim (imitari, etc.) si possim: trīs eos libros maxime nunc vellem, I would like to have.—In concessive phrases with quam, however, however much: quod illa, quam velit sit potens, numquam impetravisset (i. e. quamvis sit potens), however powerful she may be: exspectate facinus quam voltis improbum, never so wicked: quam volent in conviviis faceti sint.—Parenthet., in the phrase, sī vīs (contracted sīs; colloq.), if you please, if you will: paulum opperirier, Si vis, T.: dic, si vis, de quo disputari velis: addam, si vis, animi, etc., if you will.—To intend, purpose, mean, design, be minded, be about: Puerumque clam voluit exstinguere, T.: hostis hostem occidere volui, L.: at etiam eo negotio M. Catonis splendorem maculare voluerunt, it was their purpose: rem Nolanam in ius dicionemque dare voluerat Poeno, L.: idem istuc, si in vilitate largiri voluisses, derisum tuum beneficium esset, if you had offered to grant the same thing during low prices, etc.: sine me pervenire quo volo, let me come to my point, T.: scripsi, quem ad modum quidem volui, etc., as I intended: ego istos posse vincere scio, velle ne scirem ipsi fecerunt, L.: quae ipsi qui scripserunt voluerunt volgo intellegi, meant to be understood by all.—To try, endeavor, attempt, aim: quas (i. e. magnas res) qui impedire volt, is et infirmus est mollisque naturā, et, etc.: audes Fatidicum fallere velle deum? do you dare attempt? O.: His respondere voluit, non lacessere, meant to answer, not to provoke, T.: quid aliud volui dicere? did I mean to say, T.: ait se velle de illis HS LXXX cognoscere, that he meant, i. e. was about: sed plane quid velit nescio.—To resolve, conclude, determine, require: uti tamen tuo consilio volui, concluded to follow your advice: Siculi... me defensorem calamitatum suarum... esse voluerunt: si a me causam hanc vos (iudices) agi volueritis, if you resolve.—Ellipt.: veremur quidem vos, Romani, et, si ita voltis, etiam timemus, L.: cadentque vocabula, si volet usus (i. e. ea cadere), H.—To be willing, be ready, consent, like, acquiesce: ei laxiorem diem daturos, si venire ad causam dicendam vellet, L.: qui se ait philosophari velle, that he liked philosophizing: Patri dic velle, that you consent (sc. uxorem ducere), T.: cum alter verum audire non volt, refuses: obtinuere ut (tribuni) tribuniciae potestatis virīs salubrīs vellent rei p. esse, to permit the tribunitian power to be useful to the republic, L.: cum P. Attio agebant ne suā pertinaciā omnium fortunas perturbari vellet, Cs.: duodecim tabulae furem interfici inpune voluerunt.—To do voluntarily, act intentionally: si voluit accusare, pietati tribuo; si iussus est, necessitati, if he accused of his own free will: (quaeritur) sitne oratoris risum velle movere, on purpose; cf. tu selige tantum, Me quoque velle velis, anne coactus amem, O.—To be of opinion, imagine, consider, think, mean, pretend, claim, hold, assert, assume: ergo ego, inimicus, si ita voltis, homini, amicus esse rei p. debeo: erat Mars alter, ut isti volunt, L.: isto ipso in genere in quo aliquid posse vis, in which you imagine you have some influence: in hoc homo luteus etiam callidus ac veterator esse volt, pretends to be: est genus hominum qui esse primos se omnium rerum volunt, Nec sunt, T.: si quis—quod illi volunt invidiosius esse—Claudius diceret, L.: voltis, nihil esse in naturā praeter ignem: si tam familiaris erat Clodiae quam tu esse vis, as you say he is: quae ego vellem non esse oratoris, what I claimed to be beyond the orator's province: restat ut omnes unum velint, are of one opinion: bis sumpsit quod voluit, i. e. begged the question.—In interrog. clause with quid, to mean, signify, intend to say, mean to express: sed tamen intellego quid velit: quid tibi vis? what do you mean by all this? T.: pro deum fidem, quid vobis voltis? L.: quid sibi vellet (Caesar)? cur in suas possessiones veniret? Cs.: avaritia senilis quid sibi velit, non intellego, what is the meaning of the phrase: tacitae quid volt sibi noctis imago? O.—With weakened force, as an auxiliary, or in periphrasis, will, shall: illa enim (ars) te, verum si loqui volumus, ornaverat: eius me compotem facere potestis, si meminisse voltis, etc., L.: Vis tu urbem feris praeponere silvis? will you prefer, etc., H.: tu tantum fida sorori Esse velis, i. e. fida sis, O.: si id confiteri velim, tamen istum condemnetis necesse est, if I should acknowledge: si quis velit ita dicere... nihil dicat, chooses to say, etc.: quā re oratos vos omnīs volo Ne, etc., T.: Esse salutatum volt te mea littera primum, O.—Redundant after noli or nolite: nolite, iudices, hunc velle maturius exstingui volnere vestro quam suo fato, do not resolve.—Of expressions of authority, to determine, resolvē, decree, demand, require, enact: utrum populus R. eum (honorem) cui velit, deferat: senatus te voluit mihi nummos dare: exercitūs quos contra se aluerint velle dimitti, Cs.: quid fieri velit praecipit, gives his orders, Cs.: sacra Cereris summā maiores nostri religione confici voluerunt, i. e. established the custom of celebrating: nostri maiores... insui voluerunt in culeum vivos, etc., made a law, that, etc.: Corinthum exstinctum esse voluerunt, should be (and remain) destroyed: volo ut mihi respondeas, I require you to answer: nuntia Romanis, Caelestes ita velle, ut Roma caput terrarum sit, L. —Esp., in the formula of asking a vote upon a law or decree: novos consules ita cum Samnite gerere bellum velitis, ut omnia ante nos bella gesta sunt, L.: plebes sic iussit—quod senatus... censeat, id volumus iubemusque, L.—To choose rather, prefer: a multis (studiis) eligere commodissimum quodque, quam sese uni alicui velle addicere: malae rei quam nullius duces esse volunt, L.* * *Ivelle, volui, - Vwish, want, prefer; be willing, willIIvolare, volavi, volatus VIIIvolunteers (pl.); (in the Second Punic War)
См. также в других словарях:
causa — / kauza/ s.f. [dal lat. causa ]. 1. [fatto o avvenimento che ne provoca un altro] ▶◀ (lett.) cagione, fattore, (lett.) fomento, (lett.) fomite, fonte, germe, matrice, (fam.) molla, motivazione, motivo, motore, occasione, origine, pretesto,… … Enciclopedia Italiana
causa — càu·sa s.f. 1a. FO ciò che produce un effetto, che è origine di qualcos altro; motivo, ragione: ricondurre un fatto alla sua causa, non capisco la causa del suo comportamento, l egoismo è causa di molte ingiustizie; persona che con il proprio… … Dizionario italiano
dare — dà·re v.tr. e intr., s.m. (io do) FO I. v.tr. I 1a. porgere, consegnare: dammi quei fogli per favore!, dare un pacco al fattorino | distribuire: dare le carte Sinonimi: consegnare, porgere. Contrari: prendere, ricevere, ritirare. I 1b. far… … Dizionario italiano
dare — [lat. dare ] (pres. do /dɔ/ o dò [radd. sint.], dai, dà, diamo, date, danno ; imperf. davo, davi, ecc.; pass. rem. dièdi o dètti, désti, diède [poet. diè ] o dètte, démmo, déste, dièdero [poet. dièro ] o dèttero ; fut. darò, darai, ecc.; condiz.… … Enciclopedia Italiana
Dare (artista) — (DARE) Dare posando junto a una de sus obras. Nombre de nacimiento Sigi von Koeding Nacimiento 15 de septiembr … Wikipedia Español
HOMICIDII Causa — Athanis in Areopago disceptari olim solita est, ex lege, Δικάζειν δὲ την` βουλην` εν Α᾿ρείῳ πάγῳ φόνου καὶ τραύματος ἐκ προνοίας καὶ πυρκαίας καὶ φαρμάκων ἐάν τις ἀποκτείνῃ δοὺς, Senatus Areopagiticus ius dicito de caede, aut vulnere, non casu,… … Hofmann J. Lexicon universale
Liste de locutions latines — Cet article contient une liste de locutions latines présentée par ordre alphabétique. Pour des explications morphologiques et linguistiques générales, consulter l article : Expression latine. Sommaire A B … … Wikipédia en Français
plaisir — en François se prend pour un bien fait, pour une chose fort agreable, et pour recreation, joyeuseté ou passetemps. Plaisir mondain et charnel, Voluptas. Mon plaisir ou soulas, Meum suauium, Quid agitur? Mea voluptas. A mon plaisir, Ex sententia,… … Thresor de la langue françoyse
dar — (Del lat. dare.) ► verbo transitivo 1 Entregar una cosa a una persona temporalmente o bien para que ésta sea el nuevo propietario: ■ le dio las llaves para que abriese la puerta. SINÓNIMO ceder donar pasar 2 Acercar o pasar una cosa a una persona … Enciclopedia Universal
por — (Del lat. vulgar por < lat. pro.) ► preposición 1 Indica causa, finalidad u objetivo, así como el agente en las oraciones pasivas: ■ lo haré por ti; volverá por sus cosas; no te lo digo por no molestarte; fue herido por un disparo. 2 Indica un … Enciclopedia Universal
Proverbios latinos — Anexo:Proverbios latinos Saltar a navegación, búsqueda Los proverbios latinos son un tipo de paremia (enunciado sentencioso, como el refrán, el adagio, la máxima, la sentencia, y el aforismo) utilizada por los romanos, y que se han mantenido en… … Wikipedia Español
